Modeling cancer risk and environmental and socio-spatial exposures using residential histories

在许多关于疾病风险的研究中，研究人员分析了健康结果的空间模式， 研究入组时的居住环境暴露，希望确定潜在的因果关系 环境因素然而，对于长淋巴结的癌症，如膀胱癌和非霍奇金淋巴瘤， (NHL)诊断前多年的居住地点对于确定何时何地相关非常重要 环境暴露发生在移动的研究人群中。许多环境因素分布在 在空间和时间上是不均衡的，在暴露于相关风险因素之间可能已经过去了几十年 与诊断虽然一些研究人员已经开始考虑癌症研究中的居住史， 一些研究挑战仍然存在。目前缺乏对累积空间数据建模的统计方法 在流行病学研究中使用居住史来评估癌症风险。还需要方法 估计随着时间推移的环境和社会空间暴露效应，同时模拟累积空间风险。 暴露数据日益变得多元，需要开发统计方法， 处理多变量暴露，如化学混合物随时间的变化。在考虑居住历史时， 越来越多的调查人员建议使用公共记录数据库，如Lounge Nexis， 研究对象的居住地点。然而，目前尚不清楚使用住宅历史的影响 在研究环境时，来自公共记录数据库的数据取代了受试者报告的居住历史 癌症风险随着时间的推移。使用公共记录数据库可能会导致测量误差和偏差 尤其是几十年前的事在这个项目中，我们的目标是开发一套全面的 将居住史纳入癌症研究以估计累积空间风险和 随着时间的推移，许多环境和社会空间暴露对健康的影响。我们将把这些方法应用于 新英格兰膀胱癌研究和NCI-SEER NHL研究，以更好地了解环境因素 治疗膀胱癌和NHL我们还将评估使用公共记录中的居住历史的影响 关于确定风险空间区域和估计环境和社会空间的方法能力的数据库 暴露效应这项研究的预期成果将是：1）新的统计方法， 随着时间的推移，许多环境和社会空间暴露的累积空间风险和健康影响，以及2） 确定膀胱癌和NHL风险随时间显著升高的区域，3） 历史环境和社会空间暴露的混合效应以及膀胱癌和NHL风险，以及 4)使用公共记录数据库中的居住历史来估计历史暴露效应的评估 并检测癌症风险升高的区域。所制定的方法将适用于许多 癌症和环境风险研究。此外，公共记录数据库评估的结果 居住历史将有助于许多研究人员考虑在环境风险研究中使用它们。

In many studies on the risk of disease, investigators analyze the spatial patterns of health outcomes and evaluate residential environmental exposures at the time of study enrollment in hopes of identifying potential causal environmental factors. However, for cancers with long latencies like bladder cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) residential locations many years prior to diagnosis are important for determining where and when relevant environmental exposures occurred in mobile study populations. Many environmental factors are distributed unevenly over space and time and several decades may have elapsed between exposure to a relevant risk factor and diagnosis. While some investigators have begun to consider residential histories in studies of cancer, a number of research challenges remain. Statistical methods are currently lacking for modeling cumulative spatial risk of cancer over time using residential histories in epidemiologic studies. There is also a need for methods that estimate environmental and socio-spatial exposure effects over time while modeling cumulative spatial risk. Exposure data are increasingly becoming multivariate and there is a need to develop statistical methods for handling multivariate exposures such as chemical mixtures over time. In the consideration of residential histories, more investigators are proposing to use public record databases such as LexisNexis to acquire historic residential locations for study subjects. However, it is currently unknown what impact using residential histories from public record databases in place of subject-reported residential histories has when studying environmental cancer risk over time. Measurement error and therefore bias could result from using public record databases particularly going several decades back in time. In this project, we aim to develop a comprehensive set of methods that incorporate residential histories into cancer studies to estimate both cumulative spatial risk and health effects of many environmental and socio-spatial exposures over time. We will apply these methods to the New England Bladder Cancer Study and the NCI-SEER NHL study to better understand environmental factors for bladder cancer and NHL. We will also assess the impact of using residential histories from public record databases on the ability of methods to identify spatial areas of risk and estimate environmental and socio-spatial exposure effects. The expected outcomes of this research will be 1) new statistical methods for estimating cumulative spatial risk and health effects for many environmental and socio-spatial exposures over time, and 2) identification of areas of significantly elevated risk over time for bladder cancer and NHL risk, 3) estimates of effects for mixtures of historic environmental and socio-spatial exposures and bladder cancer and NHL risk, and 4) an assessment of using residential histories from public record databases to estimate historic exposure effects and detect areas of elevated cancer risk. The methodological approaches developed will be applicable to many studies of cancer and environmental risk. In addition, the findings from the assessment of public record database residential histories will be useful for many investigators considering using them in environmental risk studies.