Graphene, MXene and ionic liquid-based sustainable supercapacitor

需要能源储存技术的范式转变，以支持向欧盟在《巴黎协定》下的国际承诺设定的气候中立过渡，同时确保欧盟关键原材料行动计划(CRM)的目标。在此背景下，Greencap加入了一个多学科联盟，由意大利、德国、法国、爱尔兰、英国、爱沙尼亚和荷兰等7个欧洲国家的5所大学、1家研发机构和5家公司组成，以充分释放超级电容器(SC)作为电化学储能系统的潜力。我们将开发一种无CRM技术，具有类似电池的能量密度(&gt；20Wh/kg，&gt；16Wh/L)，以及传统电化学双电层电容器独特的优越功率密度和高循环寿命。Greencap将利用层状2D材料，包括石墨烯和MXenes作为电极材料，以及离子液体(ILS)作为高压电解液。Greencap的主要目标是：i)通过简单、可扩展和可持续的(无CRM)方法合成/功能化石墨烯和MXenes，确保高比表面积和离子可获得性，引入法拉第电荷存储机制，并提高其量子电容；ii)生产新型无毒/低毒和非/低易燃的IL基电解液，具有高电导率和高电化学/热稳定性，确保SC在-50°C至+100°C温度范围内的电压和GT；3.5V下运行，从而消除对复杂冷却系统的需要；Iii)通过在TRL 6制造圆柱形电池，同时确保从材料到电池生产商的完整价值链的创建/存在，在工业规模上验证新型SC技术；iv)生产新型超级电容器管理系统，使GREECAP的SC能够在高端应用中充分发挥潜力，并确保它们融入循环经济。

A paradigm shift in energy storage technology is needed to support the transition towards the climate-neutrality set by the EU’s international commitments under the Paris Agreement, while ensuring the targets of EU’s Action Plan on Critical Raw Materials (CRMs). In this context, GREENCAP joins a multi-disciplinary consortium with 5 Universities, 1 R&D Institute, 5 companies, located in 7 European countries including Italy, Germany, France, Ireland, United Kingdom, Estonia, and Netherlands, to unlock the full potential of supercapacitors (SCs) as electrochemical energy storage systems. We will develop a CRM-free technology exhibiting a battery-like energy density (>20 Wh/kg, >16 Wh/L), together with the distinctive superior power densities and high cycle life of traditional electrochemical double layer capacitors. GREENCAP will exploit layered 2D materials, including graphene and MXenes as electrode materials, and ionic liquids (ILs) as high-voltage electrolyte. The main objectives of GREENCAP are: i) to syntheses/ functionalize graphene and MXenes via facile, scalable and sustainable (CRM-free) methodologies, assuring both high surface area and ion accessibility, introducing Faradaic charge storage mechanisms, and improving their quantum capacitance; ii) to produce novel non-/ low-toxic and non-/low-flammable IL-based electrolyte with high conductivities, and a high electrochemical/thermal stability, ensuring SC operation at voltage > 3.5 V within -50°C to +100 °C temperature range, thus eliminating the need for sophisticated cooling systems; iii) to validate the novel SC technology at industrial scale by fabricating cylindrical cells at a TRL 6 while ensuring the creation/existence of the complete value chain from material to cell producers; iv) to produce a novel supercapacitor management system, enabling the full potential of the GREECAP’s SCs in high-end applications, and ensuring their integration into the circular economy.