Semantic Systems

项目摘要摘要。 概念或语义知识是指关于对象、动作、关系、自我、文化和 包括单词和短语的含义。在日常生活中，这种知识的使用是无处不在的。 日常活动，如交流、识别和使用对象、社交和决策 制造在很大程度上依赖于概念性知识。这种损伤错综复杂，分布广泛 这一制度对生活质量有严重影响。几种神经和精神障碍是 与该系统的损害有关，包括中风伴失语、痴呆、颞叶 癫痫、精神分裂症和自闭症。了解该系统的结构和组织，以及 在这些人身上，它被破坏的具体方式，对于开发更好的治疗和康复至关重要 战略。这项研究的目的是了解这些信息的结构和用途，它的神经基础， 以及它可能被神经病理学损害的方式。在这里，我们关注的是大脑中的一个区域 作为概念系统的核心组成部分出现：前颞叶。这一大脑区域一直是 二十多年来，不仅在语义学方面，而且在许多其他领域都进行了密集研究的主题 比如社会认知，句子处理，熟悉的人和地方的命名。这产生了一个 一组丰富而复杂的调查结果，其中一些往往很难相互协调。洞察世界 这一区域的职能能够阐明其在众多职能中的作用，显然是非常有价值的。vbl.使用 神经成像、经颅磁刺激和对中风患者的研究，我们检查了 一种新的理论，可以解释许多与前颞叶有关的发现。建议数 实验将对这个核心语义区在健康和健康中的组织和功能提供新的线索 大脑受损。

Project Summary Abstract. Conceptual or semantic knowledge refers to information about objects, actions, relations, self, culture, and includes meanings of words and phrases. The use of this knowledge is pervasive and automatic in daily life. Everyday activities such as communication, recognition and use of objects, social interactions, and decision making are crucially reliant on conceptual knowledge. Impairment of this complex and widely distributed system has serious consequences for quality of life. Several neurological and psychiatric disorders are associated with the impairment of this system, including stroke with aphasia, dementias, temporal lobe epilepsy, schizophrenia, and autism. Understanding the structure and organization of this system, and the specific ways it is disrupted in these individuals, is critical for developing better treatments and rehabilitation strategies. The goal of this research is to understand the structure and use of this information, its neural basis, and the ways in which it can be impaired by neuropathology. Here, we focus on a brain region that has emerged as a core component of the conceptual system: anterior temporal lobe. This brain region has been the subject of intense research for over two decades not just in semantics, but in a number of other domains such as social cognition, sentence processing, and naming of familiar people and places. This has generated a rich and complex set of findings, some of which are often difficult to reconcile with each other. Insights into the function of this region that can shed light on its role in myriad functions would clearly be very valuable. Using neuroimaging, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and studies of patients with stroke, we examine predictions of a novel theory that can account for many findings relating to the anterior temporal lobe. The proposed experiments will shed new light on the organization and function of this core semantic region in the healthy and impaired brain.