3-O-sulfation of heparan sulfate as a regular of protein function

项目概要/摘要 肝素是一种由肥大细胞产生的高度硫酸化的碳水化合物，被广泛用作抗凝剂 预防深静脉血栓、肺栓塞和动脉血栓栓塞。硫酸乙酰肝素 (HS)在结构上与肝素相关，并装饰几乎所有人类细胞的表面。其交互 与多种蛋白质，包括趋化因子和细胞因子;凝血因子;生长 因子和形态发生素，参与补体激活的蛋白质，以及细胞粘附和信号传导 proteins. HS与人类疾病如血管疾病，炎症， 感染和神经退化。据推测，HS编码信息的能力， 以依赖于环境的方式募集蛋白质。虽然"HS-硫酸盐密码"假说是 虽然在概念上很吸引人，但对HS结合蛋白的配体特异性和HS结合蛋白的配体特异性知之甚少。 HS-生物合成酶的底物特异性。因此，尚不清楚HS的同种型是否 生物合成酶可以产生独特的表位，这些表位在细胞环境中可以募集特异性HS- 结合蛋白对HS结合特异性的理解也提供了发展 治疗方式 在这个程序中，化学和化学酶的方法将被开发，这将使它 可以制备具有和不具有3-O-硫酸酯的生物学相关HS表位的聚焦文库 部分。这些化合物将用于开发HS-微阵列，以确定免疫调节剂的配体需求。 HS结合蛋白。将进一步探索感兴趣的化合物的干扰细胞的能力。 内皮细胞的结合和细胞活化。我们将重点关注涉及血液中的HS结合蛋白 凝血、炎症和血管疾病。已建立的构效关系如下： 有望提供治疗先导化合物。HS-微阵列也将被用作一般的 该平台用于发现和表征需要3-O-硫酸盐的HS结合蛋白。此外该 将使用合成化合物来确定各种3-O-磺基转移酶的底物需求。 总的来说，我们的研究将解决3-O-磺基转移酶亚型是否可以 创造独特的表位，可以招募特异性HS结合蛋白，以介导各种生物学效应。 流程. 1

Project summary/abstract Heparin is a highly sulfated carbohydrate produced by mast cells that is widely used as an anticoagulant to prevent deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and arterial thromboembolism. Heparan sulfate (HS) is structurally related to heparin and decorates the surface of all most all human cells. It interacts with a multitude of proteins including chemokines and cytokines; blood coagulation factors; growth factors and morphogens, proteins involved in complement activation, and cell adhesion and signaling proteins. HS has been implicated in human diseases such as vascular diseases, inflammation, infections and neurodegeneration. It has been postulated that HS encodes information by an ability to recruit proteins in a context-dependent manner. Although the “HS-sulfate code” hypothesis is conceptually appealing, little is known about the ligand specificities of HS binding proteins and the substrate specificities of HS-biosynthetic enzymes. As a result, it is not known whether isoforms of HS biosynthetic enzymes can create distinctive epitopes that in a cellular context can recruit specific HS- binding proteins. An understanding of the specificities of HS binding also offers opportunities to develop therapeutic modalities. In this program, chemical and chemo-enzymatic methodologies will be developed that will make it possible to prepare a focused library of biologically relevant HS epitopes with and without a 3-O-sulfate moiety. These compounds will be used to develop an HS-microarray to establish ligand requirement of HS-binding proteins. Compounds of interest will be further explored for their ability to interfere in the binding and cellular activation of endothelial cells. We will focus on HS-binding proteins involved in blood coagulation, inflammation and vascular disease. The established structure-activity relationships are expected to provide therapeutic lead compounds. The HS-microarray will also be used as a general platform to discover and characterize HS-binding proteins requiring a 3-O-sulfate. In addition, the synthetic compounds will be used to define substrate requirements of the various 3-O-sulfotransferases. Collectively, our studies will address the question of whether isoforms of 3-O-sulfotransferases can create distinctive epitopes that can recruit specific HS-binding proteins, to mediate various biological processes. 1