Single-Shot Quantitative X-ray Imaging for Interventional Procedures

项目摘要 原发性肝癌，特别是肝细胞癌（HCC），是第三大常见的原因， 全球癌症死亡人数在中期或不可切除的HCC患者中，经动脉 化疗栓塞（TACE）是最广泛使用的疗法。TACE的成功关键取决于 准确和完整地靶向肿瘤。虽然X射线图像引导常规地用于定性地 可视化药物输送，目前还不能进行定量指导和评估，以确定 适当的交付端点。因此，TACE终点在术者和患者之间具有高度可变性， 预测肿瘤反应和患者预后的能力较差。 为了准确地监测肿瘤中的药物积累，实时定量不透射线的碘（混合碘）， 在药物输送之前）是每个X射线图像所需要的，我们将这一概念称为单次激发定量 SSQI成像。由于X射线成像的几个挑战，SSQI目前是不可能的，包括散射， 多种覆盖材料以及患者和系统运动。因此，我们提出了强大的SSQI， 初级调制器和双层检测器的组合，以真实的时间量化碘面密度。的 主调制器提供散射校正，而双层探测器提供材料特定的图像 每次曝光。由此产生的SSQI系统提供碘定量和剂量有效的灰度 图像对运动是鲁棒的。所提出的解决方案的一个关键优势是其硬件简单， 软件-它与现有的系统设计兼容，而不会引入新的复杂性或挑战。 我们的具体目标包括：1）建立一个原型SSQI系统。我们将设计和建造一个主要的 具有优化的材料、间距和厚度的调制器，以及具有优化的闪烁体的双层探测器 用于在腹部成像中定量碘的厚度和过滤器。我们还将开发一个实时图像 处理流水线，用于将调制后的双层图像转换为定量图像。2)评估 原型SSQI系统的定量成像精度。我们将评估材料的量化 碘任务的准确性，代表使用各种尺寸的具有已知碘量的体模的TACE， 骨和其他组织等效材料。我们假设SSQI可以实现准确的碘 量化和灰度精度，同时具有剂量效率。 拟议的研究将建立一个新的x射线成像模式，使量化的每一个图像 通过同时克服X射线成像的几个当前限制同时保持传统的优点 例如高空间和时间分辨率以及大面积成像。的简单性和广泛的适用性， SSQI到X射线系统具有广泛采用的潜力，作为定量成像的平台。

Project Abstract Primary liver cancer, and specifically hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the third most common cause of cancer death worldwide. In patients with intermediate-stage or unresectable HCC, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the most widely used therapy. The success of TACE critically depends on the accurate and complete targeting of the tumor. While x-ray image guidance is routinely used to qualitatively visualize the drug delivery, it currently does not enable quantitative guidance and assessment to determine appropriate delivery endpoints. Therefore, TACE endpoints are highly variable across operators and patients, with poor ability to predict tumor response and patient outcome. To accurately monitor drug accumulation in the tumor, real-time quantification of radiopaque iodine (mixed with the drug prior to delivery) is needed with every x-ray image, a concept we entitle single-shot quantitative imaging (SSQI). SSQI is not currently possible due to several challenges with x-ray imaging, including scatter, multiple overlaying materials, and patient and system motion. We therefore propose robust SSQI enabled by the combination of a primary modulator and a dual-layer detector to quantify iodine areal density in real time. The primary modulator provides scatter correction, while the dual-layer detector provides material-specific images with each exposure. The resulting SSQI system provides iodine quantification and dose-efficient grayscale images that are robust against motion. A key strength of the proposed solution is its simplicity in hardware and software – it is compatible with existing system designs, without introducing new complexities or challenges. Our specific aims include: 1) Build a prototype SSQI system. We will design and construct a primary modulator with optimized material, pitch, and thickness, as well as a dual-layer detector with optimized scintillator thicknesses and filter for quantifying iodine in abdominal imaging. We will also develop a real-time image processing pipeline to convert the modulated dual-layer images into quantitative images. 2) Assess the quantitative imaging accuracy of prototype SSQI system. We will evaluate the material quantification accuracy for iodine tasks representative of TACE using phantoms of various sizes with known amounts of iodine, bone, and other tissue-equivalent materials. We hypothesize that SSQI can achieve accurate iodine quantification and grayscale accuracy, while being dose efficient. The proposed studies will establish a new x-ray imaging paradigm that brings quantitation to every image by simultaneously overcoming several current limitations of x-ray imaging while retaining traditional advantages such as high spatial and temporal resolution and large-area imaging. The simplicity and broad applicability of SSQI to x-ray systems has the potential for widespread adoption as a platform for quantitative imaging.