Family context, socialization, and children's socio-emotional development

项目总结/摘要 移徙影响到全世界数亿个家庭。移徙者往往将家庭成员留在原籍国 社区，这可能会挑战儿童的福祉。人们不太清楚移徙是如何 影响留守家庭成员对儿童的社会化或儿童的社会能力与适应 派遣社区的问题。移民预计将改变家庭成员参与， 对儿童的期望和提供，并改变儿童的经验和资源。这些挑战 和机会，预计会影响儿童的社会能力和适应问题。比如说， 家庭成员的迁移被假设为预测留守照顾者的监控较少，反过来， 更高的毒品和酒精使用儿童。移徙的好处也是可以预期的，例如， 责任感的增加可以正向预测他们的行为控制。该项目将跟踪儿童， 以前参加了2个时间点的数据收集，并提供了关于儿童的新数据，他们的主要 照顾者和他们的父亲在另外2个时间点。结合之前的数据， 该项目将提供关于儿童（5至17岁）的高质量信息， 年龄在时间1）跨越6年，在一个大的样本，是研究领域的代表。关键发育 进入学校、青春期和成年期的过渡都被捕捉到。这项研究将阐明 家庭成员的迁移预测了儿童的社会情感结果。的具体目标 研究内容包括：1）探讨照顾者社会化与儿童社会情绪的交互作用 2）确定家庭成员的移徙如何与社会情感结果相关联， 以及儿童、家庭和移民特征如何调节关联，以及3）探索父亲在其中的角色 儿童的社会情感结果，并比较父亲的家庭关系和社会化， 参与和不参与移民的人。这是先前研究的创新延伸;该项目将 提供更长和更详细的关于儿童发展和移民进出的动态的观点， 他们的家庭。此外，包括移徙和非移徙父亲的访谈，有助于 创新的调查，他们对儿童的社会情感发展的独特贡献， 除了他们的经济贡献。移民父亲的婚姻质量比非移民父亲的婚姻质量要差。 流动父亲，这可能会间接影响儿童的社会情感结果，通过亲子 关系。关于移徙成本和收益的新知识将对家庭有用， 他们适应移民给关系和生活带来的变化，帮助政策制定者预测 本报告阐述了移徙对儿童社会情感福祉构成的挑战，并为儿童权利保护提供了信息。

Project Summary/Abstract Migration affects hundreds of millions of families worldwide. Migrants often leave family members in their origin communities, which can challenge the wellbeing among the children. It is not well understood how migration influences left-behind family members’ socialization of children or children’s social competence and adjustment problems in sending communities. Migration is expected to alter how family members engage with, make expectations for, and provide for children, and alter children’s experiences and resources. These challenges and opportunities are expected to affect children’s social competence and adjustment problems. For instance, family members’ migration is hypothesized to predict less monitoring by left-behind caregivers and, in turn, higher drug and alcohol use for children. Benefits of migration are also anticipated, for instance, children’s increased responsibilities may positively predict their behavioral control. The project will follow children who previously participated in 2 time points of data collection and provide new data on the children, their primary caregivers, and their fathers at 2 additional time points. In combination with the prior waves of data from the same children and their caregivers, the project will yield high-quality information about children (5 to 17 years old at Time 1) across 6 years in a large sample that is representative of the study area. Key developmental transitions into school, adolescence, and adulthood are captured. The research will illustrate the complex ways in which family members’ migration predicts children’s socio-emotional outcomes. The specific aims of the project are: 1) to investigate reciprocal effects of caregivers’ socialization and children’s socio-emotional development, 2) to determine how family members’ migration is associated with socio-emotional outcomes, and how child, family, and migration characteristics moderate associations, and 3) to explore fathers’ roles in children’s socio-emotional outcomes, and compare fathers’ familial relationships and socialization for those who do versus do not participate in migration. This is an innovative extension of prior research; the project will provide a longer and more detailed view of children’s development and the dynamics of migration in and out of their households. Furthermore, including migrating and non-migrating fathers’ interviews supports an innovative investigation of their unique contributions to children’s socio-emotional development that goes beyond their economic contributions. Migrating fathers are expected to have poorer marital quality than non- migrating fathers, which may indirectly affect children’s socio-emotional outcomes via parent-child relationships. The new knowledge developed about migration’s costs and benefits will be useful for families as they adapt to changes migration brings to relationships and caregiving, help policy makers anticipate the challenges migration poses to children’s socio-emotional wellbeing, and inform children’s rights protections.