THE URBAN BURDEN OF DISEASE ESTIMATION FOR POLICY MAKING

在欧洲，超过70%的人口居住在城市地区。长期以来，人们一直认为城市是社会创新和财富创造的主要引擎，但它们也是污染、疾病和死亡的主要来源，这在一定程度上与不理想的城市和交通规划做法有关。拟议的工作旨在改进对环境压力因素的健康影响和社会经济成本和/或效益的估计，推进方法学方法并促进将其接受为城市地区的共同良好做法，以帮助加强城市、国家和欧盟一级的循证决策。我们将重点关注近1000个城市和环境压力因素，包括空气污染、噪音、温度/热量和缺乏绿色空间，但我们也将体育活动作为健康的主要决定因素，并在影响估计中审查性别和不平等的影响。我们的目标是产生一个系统，将提供更新，每3年，以便能够监测进展。它将广泛涉及利益相关者并进行知识翻译。我们将采用跨学科和系统的方法，将城市和交通规划、环境和公共卫生、经济学、零售和商业、教育部门、政策分析、知识翻译等领域的专家和从业人员聚集在一起，并让公民和非政府组织参与进来。

In Europe, more than 70% of the population lives in urban areas. Cities have long been known to be society’s predominant engine of innovation and wealth creation, yet they are also a main source of pollution, disease and mortality, which is to some extent linked to suboptimal urban and transport planning practices. The proposed work aims to improve the estimation of health impacts and socioeconomic costs and/or benefits of environmental stressors, advance methodological approaches and foster their acceptance as common good practice for urban areas, to help strengthen evidence-based policy making at city, national and EU level. We will focus on nearly 1000 cities and environmental stressors including air pollution, noise, temperature/heat and lack of green space but we will also include physical activity as a main determinant of health and examine the effects of gender and inequality in the impact estimations. We aim to produce a system that will provide updates every 3 years to be able to monitor progress. It will extensively involve stakeholders and conduct knowledge translation. We will use transdisciplinary and systemic approaches bringing together a team of, amongst others, experts and practitioners in urban and transport planning, environment and public health, economics, retail and business, education sector, policy analysis, knowledge translation and involve citizens and NGOs.