Three dimensionality of the intraglottal flow

声音的产生受流体-结构相互作用(FSI)的支配，这种相互作用发生在来自 肺部和声带，这会导致声门的自我维持振荡。这种振动运动是 以打开、关闭和闭合阶段为特征的，大部分声音是在中期到 后一次收盘。研究表明，声门流速的更快降低(由于关闭速度的增加或 气流速度减速增加)，也称为最大流量衰减率(MFDR)， 确定高次谐波的声强和能量值。高次谐波是 在噪音中很重要，但在安静中不重要，这是嗓音障碍患者的主要症状。声门 开启时收敛，关闭时发散。这些交替的形状导致了 打开时的声门内压力和关闭时的降低(可能是负值)，这有助于 震动。我们的长期目标是最终开发一种方法，使详细的声门内容量血流 在喉部的振动组织模型中进行测量。这个项目将推进我们已经开发的方法 用于测量单个平面上的声门内流量分布，以测量声门内体积流量 喉部的静态物理模型中的分布。建议的工作是基于我们最近的进展 利用层析粒子图像测速仪(TOMO-PIV)来捕捉体积流的动力学 声门出口以上的分布11。为了这个目标，我们的具体目标是：1)开发一种测量方法 声门内流量分布。在这个目标下，我们将首先演示声门内流量的测量 技术在喉部的静态物理模型中。这个模型的尺寸将类似于一只切除的狗 喉和它的静态几何结构将捕捉到分叉声门的主要特征。我们预计将在以下方面看到差异 声门内涡流和其他声门前膜、后膜和中膜之间的喷射特征 声门的各个方面。然后，我们将验证声门内流量测量技术的辅助 流量测量技术。我们期望显示声门内的血流特征(例如，平均速度， 湍流级别和涡旋强度)将在10%的范围内匹配不同的测量技术。

Voice production is governed by the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) that occurs between the airflow coming from the lungs and the vocal folds, which results in the self-sustained oscillation of the glottis. This vibratory motion is characterized by opening, closing, and closed phases, and the majority of sound is produced during the mid to latter closing. Studies have shown that a faster reduction of glottal flow rate (due to increased closing speed or increased deceleration of the airflow velocity), also known as the maximum flow declination rate (MFDR), determines the acoustic intensity and the amount of energy in the higher harmonics. Higher harmonics are important for intelligibility in noise but not in quiet, a major symptom for patients with voice disorders. The glottis is convergent during opening and divergent during closing. These alternating shapes result in an increase in intraglottal pressure during opening and a decrease (and possibly negative) during closing, which facilitate vibrations. Our long-term goal is to ultimately develop a method that enables detailed intraglottal volumetric flow measurement in a vibrating tissue model of the larynx. This project will advance the method we have developed for measuring intraglottal flow distribution in a single plane toward measuring the intraglottal volume flow distribution in a static physical model of the larynx. The proposed work is based on recent advancements we have made using tomographic particle image velocimetry (tomo-PIV) to capture the dynamics of the volume flow distribution above the glottal exit11. Toward this goal, our specific aim is: 1) Develop a method for measuring intraglottal volume flow distribution. Under this aim, we will first demonstrate the intraglottal flow measurement technique in a static physical model of the larynx. The model's dimensions will be similar to an excised canine larynx and its static geometry will capture the main features of divergent glottis. We expect to see differences in the intraglottal vortices and other glottal jet features between the anterior, posterior, and the mid-membranous aspects of the glottis. We will then validate the intraglottal volume flow measurement technique with auxiliary flow measurements techniques. We expect to show that the intraglottal flow characteristics (e.g., mean velocity, turbulence levels and vortical strength) will match the different measurement techniques within 10%.