Effectiveness Evaluation of `Step Up Step In? (SUSI): A Campaign to Promote Social Norms against Sexual Violence

摘要：性暴力(SV)沿着一系列严重程度发生，从性欺凌， 骚扰，不想要的性接触，到完成的身体攻击。1性暴力受害者的风险开始非常大 幼年：1-3岁到12年级，12%的女孩和4%的男孩遭受过身体攻击。 性/性别少数民族青年(SGMY)，23%的SGMY女孩和10%的SGMY男孩报告被强奸 被害。值得注意的是，大多数青少年性传播疾病受害者的肇事者是他们的同龄人，其中近一半 所有受害事件都发生在校园里。5-6越来越多的证据表明，宽恕 欺凌和性骚扰可能会导致更严重形式的SV.75“加强， 走进“(SUSI)计划，是一项在青少年中预防SV的社会营销活动。以社交网络为导向 规范理论，苏西运动的目的是促进社会规范，以防性欺凌， 骚扰，和SV。SUSI的实施由佐治亚州公共卫生部根据 疾控中心的强奸预防和教育倡议(RFA-CE19-1902)。它已在42个国家实施 自2014年以来，佐治亚州19个县的学校。然而，目前还没有关于社会责任的评估 营销活动作为针对青少年的SV预防策略，包括SUSI计划。这一差距在 考虑到在高发期和高发期内发生的SV受害者的加速发病速度，场是关键的 学校。4-6鉴于苏西目前的持续实施阶段，它是评估SV的理想候选人 预防。实施阶段性三阶段评估计划，从形成阶段到 严格的总结性评价。第一阶段(一年级和二年级)，我们将与学生和教职员工进行访谈，以 评估活动内容的清晰度、饱和度、可接受性、可行性、认可度、显著程度和反应。 这一阶段的调查结果将通知任何对SUSI Campaign的修订，以增加买入和 顺性异性恋和SGMY对SV的影响。我们还将进行量化调查，包括 对苏西学校和非苏西学校的学生进行随机抽样，以评估SGMY率、 SV，以及约会和性行为比率。这项调查还将评估与以下方面有关的当前社会规范 性欺凌和性暴力、关于SGMY的社会规范、性别平等和学校氛围。第二阶段(第三年)、 我们将对SUSI计划进行一次小规模的试点评估，以获得招聘反应的估计 比率，2)流失率，3)效应大小，4)倾向得分匹配的样本缩小率。阶段3 (第4年和第5年)，我们将对SUSI计划实施全面严格的评估，并与 来自2所干预学校和2所对照学校的新生。青年将在两年内接受4次调查。因为 SUSI计划正处于可持续实施阶段，我们不能随机化干预。我们 因此，将使用严格的倾向-分数匹配设计来近似随机化和加强 我们对该计划的影响做出因果推测的能力。

Abstract: Sexual violence (SV) occurs along a continuum of severity ranging from sexual bullying, harassment, unwanted sexual touching, to completed physical rape.1 Risk for SV victimization begins very early in life:1-3 by 12th grade, 12% of girls and 4% of boys have been physically raped.2 Rates are higher among sexual/gender minority youth (SGMY) with 23% of SGMY girls and 10% of SGMY boys reporting rape victimization. Notably, the majority of adolescent SV victims' perpetrators are their peers4-5 with nearly half of all victimization occurring on school campuses.5-6 Growing evidence suggests that social norms that condone bullying and sexual harassment may give rise to the perpetration of more severe forms of SV.75 The “Step Up, Step In” (SUSI) program, is a social marketing campaign to prevent SV among adolescents. Guided by social norms theory, the SUSI campaign aims to promote social norms that protect against sexual bullying, harassment, and SV. SUSI implementation is funded by the Georgia Department of Public Health under CDC's Rape Prevention and Education (RPE) initiative (RFA-CE19-1902). It has been implemented in 42 schools across 19 counties in Georgia since 2014. However, there have been no evaluations of social marketing campaigns as SV prevention strategies for adolescents, including the SUSI program. This gap in the field is critical given the accelerating rate of onset for SV victimization that occurs during and within high schools.4-6 Given SUSI's current sustained phase of implementation, it is an ideal candidate to evaluate for SV prevention. We will implement a sequential tri-phased evaluation plan that progresses from formative to rigorous summative evaluation. Stage 1 (years 1 & 2), we will conduct interviews with students and staff to assess the clarity, saturation, acceptability, feasibility, buy-in, salience, and reaction to campaign content. Findings from this phase will inform any revision to SUSI campaign deemed necessary to increase buy-in and impact on SV for both cis-gender heterosexual and SGMY. We will also conduct quantitative surveys with a random subsample of students from both SUSI and non-SUSI schools to assess the rates of SGMY, rates of SV, and rates of dating and sexual behavior. This survey will also assess the current social norms pertaining to sexual bullying and violence, social norms about SGMY, gender equity, and school climate. Stage 2 (year 3), we will implement a small pilot evaluation of the SUSI program to obtain estimates of 1) recruitment response rates, 2) attrition rates, 3) effect sizes, 4) rate of sample shrinkage from propensity score matching. Stage 3 (years 4 and 5), we will implement a full-scale rigorous evaluation of the SUSI program with a cohort of freshman from 2 intervention and 2 comparison schools. Youth will be surveyed 4 times over 2 years. Because the SUSI program is in the sustainability phase of implementation, we cannot randomize the intervention. We will therefore use a rigorous propensity-score matching design to approximate randomization and strengthen our ability to make causal speculations about the program's impact.