Innovative nasal vaccines to prevent pathogen colonization and infection in the upper respiratory tract

细菌和病毒性呼吸道感染是世界范围内发病率和死亡率的主要原因。肺炎链球菌和百日咳杆菌、流感病毒和SARS-CoV-2分别是造成社区获得性肺炎、百日咳、流感和COVID-19等具有重大公共卫生影响的疾病的原因。通过肌内或皮下注射施用的针对这些疾病中的一些的疫苗不能预防上呼吸道（URT）的定殖或感染，因此对病原体传播的影响有限。NOSEVAC联盟旨在开发和评估创新的鼻腔疫苗平台，作为一种新概念，以阻断感染的最早阶段，从而抑制URT定植，传播和疾病。该项目建立在一个由来自欧盟，英国和瑞士的12个知名和互补团队组成的独特联盟的基础上。NOSEVAC的目标是：·开发用于鼻腔递送RNA和蛋白质抗原的疫苗制剂·发现促进URT定殖的细菌抗原·使用体外和体内模型的组合来最佳评估疫苗功效·确定长期保护人类URT所需的关键宿主免疫因子·递送两种鼻疫苗候选物以对抗S. pneumoniae和B. B.·解决鼻疫苗接种的可接受性预期成果包括（1）通过丰富针对（新）呼吸道感染的新型疫苗的管道来加强欧洲的创新，（2）增加对URT定植、感染和免疫的机制的了解，以及（3）评估利益相关者对鼻疫苗的可接受性。NOSEVAC将开发战略研究途径，以对抗呼吸道病原体，包括那些具有流行潜力的病原体，并将促进决策者和投资者基于证据的决策。

Bacterial and viral respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Bordetella pertussis, influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2, are responsible for diseases with major public health impact: communityacquired pneumonia, whooping cough, influenza and COVID-19, respectively. Vaccines against some of these diseases, administered by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection, do not prevent colonization or infection of the upper respiratory tract (URT), and therefore have limited impact on pathogen transmission. The NOSEVAC consortium aims to develop and assess innovative nasal vaccine platformsas a novel concept to block the earliest stage of infection, thereby inhibiting URT colonisation, transmission and disease. The project builds on a unique consortium of 12 renowned and complementary teams from the EU, UK and Switzerland. NOSEVAC’s objectives are to: • Develop vaccine formulations for nasal delivery of RNA- and protein-based antigens • Discover bacterial antigens that promote colonization of the URT • Use a combination of in vitro and in vivo models for optimal evaluation of vaccines efficacy • Identify key host immune factors required for long-term protection of the URT in human • Deliver two nasal vaccine candidates to fight S. pneumoniae and B. pertussis infection, and a single bivalent vaccine to prevent influenza and COVID-19 • Address acceptability of nasal vaccination Expected outcomes include (1) strengthening innovation in Europe by enriching the pipeline for novel vaccines against (new) respiratory infections, (2) increasing knowledge on the mechanisms underlying URT colonization, infection and immunity, and (3) evaluating nasal vaccine acceptability by stakeholders. NOSEVAC will develop strategic research avenues to fight respiratory pathogens including those with epidemic potential and will facilitate evidence-based decision making to policy makers and investors.