NEM-EMERGE: An integrated set of novel approaches to counter the emergence and proliferation of invasive and virulent soil-borne nematodes

土壤源性植物寄生线虫是全球粮食生产的生物安全风险，估计全球每年损失1100亿欧元。根结线虫（RKN）和马铃薯胞囊线虫（PCN）在高影响植物寄生线虫的前10名中排名第1和第2位，仅RKN就占全球作物损失的约5%。RKN和PCN是A2检疫性有害生物或列入EPPO警戒清单的新物种。这两种多氯化萘物种也被列入欧盟委员会第2021/2285号实施条例。最近的报告记录了欧洲及其他地区番茄和马铃薯种植中出现的新的RKN和PCN问题，这是由于两个独立的驱动因素：全球变暖和遗传选择。几十年来，非特定的、对环境有害的农用化学品一直被用于管理RKN和PCN。人们对杀线虫剂负面影响的认识不断提高，促使大多数杀线虫剂逐步淘汰。因此，迫切需要新的，持久的控制策略，使利益相关者能够充分应对，以防止欧盟及其他地区的作物损失。NEM-EMERGE将根据IPM的原则为传统和有机农业部门提供一系列可持续的，基于科学的解决方案，包括（1）优化的作物轮作计划，包括覆盖作物，（2）定制的宿主植物抗性，以及（3）最佳利用土壤的天然拮抗潜力。此外，还将生成监测和风险评估工具，以支持植物卫生当局的决策和政策制定。为了确保在该部门采用和实施NEM-EMERGE工具，将根据传统部门和有机部门的利益攸关方的要求，采用自下而上的共同创造进程和多行为体方法。这使得NEM-EMERGE成为根据“从农场到餐桌”战略向可持续农业过渡的关键驱动力，从而为绿色交易设定的具有挑战性的目标做出贡献。

Soil-borne plant-parasitic nematodes are a biosecurity risk for global food production with an estimated annual loss of €110 billion worldwide. Root-knot nematodes (RKN) and potato cyst nematodes (PCN) rank 1 and 2 in the Top 10 of high-impact plant-parasitic nematodes with RKN alone accounting for ~5% of global crop losses. RKN and PCN are A2 quarantine pests or emerging species listed on the EPPO Alert List. The two PCN species are also included in EU Commission implementing regulation 2021/2285. Recent reports document the emergence of new RKN and PCN problems in tomato and potato cropping across Europe and beyond due to two independent drivers: global warming and genetic selection. For decades, non-specific, environmentally harmful agrochemicals have been applied to manage RKN and PCN. The increasing awareness about their negative impact prompted the phasing out of most nematicides. Consequently, there is an urgent need for novel, durable control strategies that enable adequate responses by stakeholders to prevent crop losses in the EU and beyond. NEM-EMERGE will provide a spectrum of sustainable, science-based solutions for both the conventional and organic farming sector based on the principles of IPM, including (1) optimized crop rotations schemes including cover crops, (2) tailored host plant resistances, and (3) optimal use of the native antagonistic potential of soils. Moreover, monitoring and risk assessment tools will be generated to support Plant Health Authorities in decision and policy making. To ensure the adoption and implementation of NEM-EMERGE tools in the sector, a bottom-up co-creation process and multi-actor approach will be used based on stakeholder demands from both the conventional and organic sector. This makes NEM-EMERGE a key driver for the transition to sustainable farming in line with the Farm to Fork Strategy thereby contributing to the challenging targets set by the Green Deal.