Neurobiological and psychobiological signatures of vocal effort in early career teachers

项目摘要 肌肉紧张性发声障碍(PMTD)等肌肉紧张性发音障碍很常见，可以 深刻地影响着生活质量。压力和性格内向等突发性事件是可能的 根据嗓音障碍的特质理论探讨影响pMTD的因素。这一理论提出了神经生物学 涉及行为抑制的机制，但这种情况仍然是一种未分类的声音障碍， 未知原因。关于应激源依赖的边缘带功能和临床相关性的大规模研究 使用功能磁共振成像(FMRI)来支持pMTD的神经基础的运动相互作用是缺失的。该计划的目标是 项目的目的是：(1)确定应激源诱导的边缘激活对控制脑血管紧张素转换酶的功能相关性。 发声健康对照组的大脑发音：(2)确定应激源诱导的边缘带的临床相关性 在有和没有声音疲劳的人中，大脑中对声音控制的激活，以及(3)分类 应激反应者和无应答者的咽外肌表面肌电(SEMG)模式 有没有声音疲劳。60名女性对照和30名早期职业女性教师 (根据发声疲劳指数)21-39岁的人将在有或没有接触到声音的情况下阅读句子 使用稀疏采样事件相关功能磁共振成像方案的语音预期应激源。唾液皮质醇分析 将揭示皮质醇应激反应和无反应。参与者将佩戴与MRI兼容的sEMG 前颈上的电极，完成相应的sEMG语音产生方案，但没有 应激源暴露，另一天在扫描仪外。将记录音频数据以确定 在演讲过程中发声的努力。功能磁共振成像在喉运动皮质的激活与功能连接 核心边缘区域的比例将被确定。此外，将对亚组的表面肌电信号模式进行分类、比较 而总的sEMG数据与神经(功能磁共振)、心理生物学(皮质醇、个性)和嗓音相关 所有参与者和分组的功能(声学)数据。中心假设是喉部压力 反应者增强了涉及边缘发声通路的边缘运动激活，这与 伴随着咽外肌电活动的变化。总而言之，这个创新的项目将决定神经， 职业生涯早期应激应答者和无应答者的心理生物学和发声功能特征 教师有发声疲劳和控制力。结果将从根本上提供我们的 理解应激在发声抱怨中的作用，并将对 PMTD。这项研究的发现将对我们如何识别喉部反应者进行预防性治疗产生重大影响 衡量和优化广泛的行为声音和行为干预的长期成功 正在考虑进行神经康复干预的言语障碍，如冥想和经颅 磁刺激和可穿戴表面肌电信号技术。

Project Summary Muscle tension voice disorders such as primary muscle tension dysphonia (pMTD) are common and can profoundly impact quality of life. Precipitating events such as stress and introverted personality are possible factors in pMTD according to the trait theory of voice disorders. This theory proposed neurobiological mechanisms involving behavioral inhibition, but the condition remains an unclassified voice disorder with unknown causes. Large-scale research into the functional and clinical relevance of stressor-dependent limbic- motor interactions using functional MRI (fMRI) to support a neural basis for pMTD is missing. The aims of the project are to (1) determine the functional relevance of stressor-induced limbic activations on the control of voice in the brain in vocally healthy controls, (2) determine the clinical relevance of stressor-induced limbic activations on the control of voice in the brain in those with and without vocal fatigue, and (3) classify extralaryngeal muscular surface electromyography (sEMG) patterns of stress responders and nonresponders with and without vocal fatigue. Sixty female controls and thirty female early career teachers with vocal fatigue (based on Vocal Fatigue Index) between 21-39 years will read sentences with and without exposure to a speech anticipation stressor using a sparse-sampling event-related fMRI protocol. Salivary cortisol analyses will reveal cortisol stress responders and nonresponders. Participants will wear MRI-compatible sEMG electrodes on the anterior neck and complete a corresponding sEMG speech production protocol, but without stressor exposure, outside the scanner on a separate day. Audio data will be recorded to determine changes in vocal effort during speech production. fMRI activations in the laryngeal motor cortex and functional connectivity of core limbic regions will be determined. Further, sEMG patterns of subgroups will be classified, compared, and the total sEMG data correlated with neural (fMRI), psychobiological (cortisol, personality), and vocal function (acoustic) data for all participants and subgroups. The central hypothesis is that laryngeal stress responders have heightened limbic-motor activations involving the limbic vocalization pathway, which correlate with changes in extralaryngeal sEMG activity. In sum, this innovative project will determine neural, psychobiological, and vocal function signatures of stress responders and nonresponders in early career teachers with vocal fatigue and controls. The results will provide fundamentally missing data in our understanding of the role of stress in vocal complaints and will yield new insights about the neural correlates of pMTD. The study findings will have a significant impact on how we identify laryngoresponders for preventative measures and optimize the long-term success of interventions for a broad range of behavioral voice and speech disorders under consideration of neurorehabilitative interventions such as meditation and transcranial magnetic stimulation and wearable sEMG technology.