Green operations with Geometric altitude, Advanced separation and Route charging Solutions (Green-GEAR)

自航空发展初期以来，气压测量一直是一种简单而可靠的测高方法。但存在两个缺点：没有直接参考地形，以及由天气引起的持续压力变化导致垂直剖面变化增加，限制了当今高交通密度的能力和飞行效率。因此，Green-GEAR的一个目标是研究由卫星导航实现的几何测高的环境潜力，通过去除过渡层和支持更环保的爬升和下降操作来提高安全性和消除空域浪费。随着分离定义改变的安全案例已经开放，不仅可以解决载人航空与无人机（在当前操作中已经使用几何高度测量）的集成问题，而且Green-GEAR还将通过减少几何高度测量实现的垂直分离来增加容量的潜力。最后但并非最不重要的是，该项目将调查环境驱动路线收费的潜力，采用新机制向空域用户收费，以激励对气候的影响最小化。航线收费将奖励那些避开对气候影响大的空域的人，并抑制通过高需求部门/飞行高度的飞行计划，除非它能优化整体环境效益，同时对空域用户和乘客来说平均成本中立。通过减少垂直距离，“绿色”空域容量的增加限制了必要的飞行计划修改，进一步接受了这种方法。在Green-GEAR中，这三个主题的结合不仅提高了实质性的协同效应，并确保了协调一致的方法；它还允许快速识别和解决可能的互操作性问题，并同步使相互依赖的解决方案成熟，从而缩短任何和所有解决方案的上市时间。

Since the early days of aviation, barometric pressure measurements have been a simple and robust method for altimetry. Two drawbacks exist though: there is no direct reference to terrain, and the constant variations in pressure caused by the weather lead to increased vertical profile variability restricting capacity and flight efficiency in today’s high traffic density. One goal of Green-GEAR thus is to investigate the environmental potential of geometric altimetry enabled by satellite navigation, increasing safety and eliminating waste of airspace by removal of the transition layer and supporting more environmentally friendly climb and descent operations. With the safety case for the change of separation definition already open, not only integration of manned aviation with drones (that are already using geometric altimetry in current operations) can be addressed but Green-GEAR will also look at the potential for increasing capacity through reduced vertical separations enabled by geometric altimetry. Last but not least the project, will investigate the potential of environmentally driven route charging, with new mechanisms for charging airspace users to incentivise minimum climate impact. Route charging will reward those who avoid volumes of airspace with a high climate impact and disincentivise flight planning through high demand sectors / flight altitudes except where it optimises environmental benefit overall, while being cost neutral to airspace users and passengers on average. Added capacity in the “greener” volumes of airspace enabled by reduced vertical separations limits necessary flight plan modifications, furthering acceptance of the approach. The combination of these three topics in Green-GEAR not only raises substantial synergies and ensures a harmonised approach; it also allows to identify and solve possible interoperability issues quickly and to mature the interdependent solutions in sync, reducing time to market for any and all of them.