PAN EUROPEAN ASSESSMENT, MONITORING, AND MITIGATION OF CHEMICAL STRESSORS ON THE HEALTH OF WILD POLLINATORS (WILDPOSH)

野生动植物正面临着多变和具有挑战性的环境干扰。受此影响最大的动物群体之一是传粉者。传粉者面临多重威胁，但人为化学品(即杀虫剂)的传播构成了这些威胁的主要和潜在驱动因素。WildPosh是一个多参与者、跨学科的项目，其首要任务和抱负是显著改善野生传粉者暴露于农药的风险评估，并增强欧洲传粉者和传粉服务的可持续健康。由于化学物质暴露在不同的地理位置、不同种植系统、不同作物系统内和不同的传粉者之间，我们将通过在代表欧洲四个主要气候区域的四个国家进行实地考察来描述化学物质暴露的特征，这四个地区分别是德国、英国、爱沙尼亚和西班牙的地中海、大西洋、大陆和北方气候。我们还将在受控条件下对不同种类的蜜蜂、食虫蝇、飞蛾和蝴蝶进行实验，并在电子计算机中收集它们的特征和杀虫剂毒性的数据。通过WildPosh，我们的目标是实现以下目标：1.确定野生传粉者在景观水平、地点内和地点之间的真实农业化学品暴露概况；2.使用综合和受控的实验室和半田间实验来表征杀虫剂和传粉者健康之间的因果关系；3.建立一个关于传粉者性状/分布和化学品的开放数据库，通过开发关于生态特征和传粉者潜在暴露于杀虫剂的空间分布的数据库来定义暴露和毒性情景；4.提出基于系统的综合风险评估工具，用于野生传粉者的风险评估；5.通过互动创新推动政策和实践，满足监测工具的需求，为实践和政策制定者使用新颖和创新的筛选方案。

Wild fauna and flora are facing variable and challenging environmental disturbances. One of the animal groups that is most impactedby this, concerns pollinators. Pollinators face multiple threats, but the spread of anthropogenic chemicals (i.e. pesticides) form a majorpotential driver of these threats. WildPosh is a multi-actor, transdisciplinary project whose overarching mission and ambition are tosignificantly improve the evaluation of risk to pesticide exposure of wild pollinators, and enhance the sustainable health of pollinatorsand pollination services in Europe. As chemical exposure varies geographically, across cropping systems, inside the crop system andamong pollinators, we will characterise exposure by doing fieldwork in 4 countries representing the four main climatic European regions,Mediterranean, Atlantic, Continental and Boreal climate in Germany, England, Estonia and Spain. We will also develop experiments incontrolled conditions on different species of bees, syrphid flies, moths and butterflies, and collect in silico data on their traits and ontoxicity of pesticides. With WildPosh, we aim to achieve the following objectives: 1. Determining the real-world agrochemical exposureprofile of wild pollinators at landscape level, within and among sites; 2. Using integrated and controlled laboratory and semi-fieldexperiments to characterise causal relationships between pesticides and pollinator health; 3. Building an open database on pollinatortraits/distribution and chemicals to define exposure and toxicity scenarios by developing databases on ecological traits and the spatialdistribution of pollinators in relation to their potential exposure to pesticide; 4. Proposing integrated systems-based risk assessmenttools for risk assessment for wild pollinators; and 5. Driving policy and practice through interactive innovation, meeting the need formonitoring tools, novel and innovative screening protocols for practice and policymaker use.