PAN EUROPEAN ASSESSMENT, MONITORING, AND MITIGATION OF CHEMICAL STRESSORS ON THE HEALTH OF WILD POLLINATORS

野生动植物正面临着多变的、具有挑战性的环境干扰。受此影响最大的动物群体之一是传粉者。传粉媒介面临多重威胁，但人为化学物质（即杀虫剂）的传播是这些威胁的主要潜在驱动因素。WildPosh是一个多参与者、跨学科的项目，其首要任务和目标是显著改善对野生传粉媒介农药暴露风险的评估，并增强欧洲传粉媒介和传粉服务的可持续健康。由于化学品暴露在不同种植系统、作物系统内部和传粉媒介之间存在地理差异，我们将通过在代表欧洲四个主要气候区域的4个国家进行实地调查来描述暴露的特征，即德国、英国、爱沙尼亚和西班牙的地中海、大西洋、大陆和北方气候。我们还将在受控条件下对不同种类的蜜蜂、蚜蝇、飞蛾和蝴蝶进行实验，并收集有关它们的特性和农药毒性的计算机数据。通过WildPosh，我们的目标是实现以下目标：确定野生传粉媒介在景观水平、站点内部和站点之间的实际农用化学品暴露概况；2. 利用综合和受控的实验室和半实地实验，确定农药与传粉媒介健康之间的因果关系；3. 建立开放的传粉媒介特征/分布和化学品数据库，通过建立传粉媒介的生态特征和空间分布与农药潜在暴露的关系数据库来确定暴露和毒性情景；4. 提出基于系统的综合风险评估工具，用于野生传粉媒介的风险评估；和5。通过互动创新推动政策和实践，满足对监测工具的需求，为实践和政策制定者提供新颖和创新的筛选方案

Wild fauna and flora are facing variable and challenging environmental disturbances. One of the animal groups that is most impacted by this, concerns pollinators. Pollinators face multiple threats, but the spread of anthropogenic chemicals (i.e. pesticides) form a major potential driver of these threats. WildPosh is a multi-actor, transdisciplinary project whose overarching mission and ambition are to significantly improve the evaluation of risk to pesticide exposure of wild pollinators, and enhance the sustainable health of pollinators and pollination services in Europe. As chemical exposure varies geographically, across cropping systems, inside the crop system and among pollinators, we will characterise exposure by doing fieldwork in 4 countries representing the four main climatic European regions, Mediterranean, Atlantic, Continental and Boreal climate in Germany, England, Estonia and Spain. We will also develop experiments in controlled conditions on different species of bees, syrphid flies, moths and butterflies, and collect in silico data on their traits and on toxicity of pesticides. With WildPosh, we aim to achieve the following objectives: 1. Determining the real-world agrochemical exposure profile of wild pollinators at landscape level, within and among sites; 2. Using integrated and controlled laboratory and semi-field experiments to characterise causal relationships between pesticides and pollinator health; 3. Building an open database on pollinator traits/distribution and chemicals to define exposure and toxicity scenarios by developing databases on ecological traits and the spatial distribution of pollinators in relation to their potential exposure to pesticide; 4. Proposing integrated systems-based risk assessment tools for risk assessment for wild pollinators; and 5. Driving policy and practice through interactive innovation, meeting the need for monitoring tools, novel and innovative screening protocols for practice and policymaker use