RadioForegrounds+: Unveiling the complexity of radio foregrounds for the detectability of the CMB polarization B-mode

宇宙学的主要挑战之一是探测到CMB偏振的原始B模，这将构成对宇宙暴涨时期的确认。然而，不同污染物的存在，主要来自我们银河系的排放，构成了可靠地限制B模式存在的主要限制因素之一。事实上，未来CMB偏振实验的成功在于对前景排放的理解和去除能力的提高。RADIOFOREGROUNS+将提供对银河系偏振射电辐射高度复杂特性的最新描述，特别是同步加速器和反常微波辐射，以及射电源的数量。它还将对强度信号提供前所未有的全面描述。这一目标只能通过将欧空局的普朗克卫星地图(30-857 GHz)与本建议中考虑的独特低频实验：Quijote(10-40 GHz)、C-Bass(5 GHz)和S-PASS(2.3GHz)结合起来，通过在财团内部与先前数据集的专家(包括负责Quijote和C-Bass的团队)进行统计，并通过使用最先进的分析技术来实现。这些数据集的组合将提供高水平的数据产品，范围从更完整的射电目录，包括较弱的来源和更多的频率覆盖，到更广泛的天空区域的新的分量分离地图。这些新的数据产品和模型将通过广泛使用的平台向科学界提供，增加科学回报和项目的影响。我们还将为未来的CMB实验提供无线电前景对B模式偏振可探测性的影响的预测。由此产生的分析将在筹备和支持未来CMB作为LiteBIRD的国际飞行任务或作为CMB-S4的地面努力方面发挥关键作用。

One of the main challenges in Cosmology is the detection of the primordial B-mode of CMB polarization, which would constitute a confirmation of the inflationary period of the Universe. However, the presence of different contaminants, mainly coming from the emissions of our own Galaxy, constitutes one of the major limiting factors to constrain reliably the existence of the B-modes. Indeed, the success of future CMB polarization experiments lies in the improved understanding and removal capability of foreground emissions. RadioForegrounds+ will provide a state-of-the art description of the highly complex properties of the polarised radio emission from our Galaxy, in particular the synchrotron and the anomalous microwave emissions, as well as of the population of radio sources. It will also provide an unprecedentedly thorough description of the intensity signal. This goal can only be achieved by combining the ESA’s Planck satellite maps (30-857GHz) with the unique low frequency experiments considered in this proposal: QUIJOTE (10-40 GHz), C-BASS (5 GHz) and S-PASS (2.3 GHz), by counting within the consortium with experts on the previous data sets (including the teams responsible for QUIJOTE and C-BASS) and by using the most advanced analysis techniques. The combination of these datasets will provide highlevel data products, that will range from more complete radio catalogues, including fainter sources and additional frequency coverage, to new component separated maps in wider regions of the sky. These new data products and models will be made available to the scientific community through widely-used platforms, increasing the scientific return and the impact of the project. We will also provide forecasts of the impact of radio foregrounds on the detectability of the B-mode of polarization for future CMB experiments. The resulting analyses will play a key role in preparing and supporting future international CMB missions as LiteBIRD or ground-based efforts as CMB-S4.