Psychological Resilience as a Health Resource in the Context of Stressful Life Events in Later Life

项目总结/摘要 压力性生活事件（SLEs），特别是那些涉及健康，家庭，财务和工作的事件在以后的生活中很常见。 生活，并可能导致日常功能的显著下降（即，身体、认知和心理）和损失 独立性和生活质量。心理弹性是一种个体内部资源 捕捉面对挑战时的适应能力。国家老龄化研究所（NIA）已经确定， 弹性作为优先研究重点，以帮助理解和改善对压力源和健康的反应 挫折那目前的研究缺乏关于PR作为SLE健康资源的稳健性的证据， 它在社会群体中的一致性。 我们的初步研究提供了我们创建的PR工具的可靠性和预测有效性， 简化弹性评分（SRS）用于健康和退休研究（HRS），这是第一个PR指标 可用于人口健康数据，并为人口健康数据创建。我们已经证明，PR与健康益处有关， 可以促进某些SLE的恢复。我们的目标是识别个人特征（或个人特征的组合）， 这些人对SLE的适应能力最强。我们将利用SRS在以下环境中识别配置文件： SLE和其他资源，并探索这些影响在人口统计学群体中的一致性。 具体而言，我们的目标包括：（1）确定PR是否是日常功能中常见SLE的稳健调节剂， （2）评估PR是否具有独立的、交互的、倍增的或替代的保护作用; 以及（3）评估哪些人口统计学群体受到公关的保护最多和最少。我们假设：（a） 具有较高PR水平的个体将经历较少的SLE的负面后果，并且（B）PR将 当其他资源（社会、经济、心理）减少或有限时，最具影响力。我们将 按种族、性别和年龄评估PR效应，以确定SLE、PR、其他 资源和功能结果轨迹因组而异。 我们将使用因果建模技术解释选择，进行适度和中介测试， 确定对SLE的反应是否依赖于PR，并确定SLE的弹性结局轨迹 和结果。我们还将进行多组分析，以测试资源如何协同工作， 与PR的协调或替代PR，以及PR的效果是否因人口群体而异。 这一R21的目标是评估PR作为健康资源的潜力，并拓宽理论 基于人口数据的晚年复原力框架。这项工作将为今后的研究奠定基础。 工作（包括未来的R 01应用），以开发SLE干预措施，促进稳定和/或恢复。我们 将为HRS中SRS措施的公众使用提供文档和培训，支持NIA的 促进更有力地评价人口研究中的复原力机制的举措。这些材料 将使其他研究人员能够有效和高效地扩大对PR的人群健康研究。

Project Summary/Abstract Stressful life events (SLEs), especially those involving health, family, finances, and work are common in later life, and can result in significant decline in daily function (i.e., physical, cognitive, and psychological), and loss of independence and quality of life in later life. Psychological resilience (PR) is an intra-individual resource capturing the ability to adapt in the face of challenges. The National Institute on Aging (NIA) has identified resilience as a priority research focus to help understand and improve responses to stressors and health setbacks. Current studies lack evidence regarding the robustness of PR as a health resource across SLEs and its consistency across social groups. Our preliminary research provides reliability and predictive validity of a PR instrument we created called the Simplified Resilience Score (SRS) for use in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), the first PR measure available in, and created for, population health data. We have shown that PR is related to health benefits, and may promote recovery from certain SLEs. Our objective is to identify profiles (or combinations of individual chacterstics) of those most resilient to SLEs. We will leverage the SRS to identify profiles within the context of SLEs and other resources, and explore consistency of these effects across demographic groups. Specifically, our aims include: (1) determining if PR is a robust moderator of common SLEs on daily function in later life; (2) evaluating if PR has independent, interactive, multiplicative, or substitutional protective effects; and (3) evaluating which demographic groups are most and least protected by PR. We hypothesize: (a) individuals with higher levels of PR will experience fewer negative consquences of SLEs, and (b) PR will be most impactful when other resources (social, financial, psychological) are diminished or limited. We will evaluate PR effects by race, gender, and age, to determine if the relationships between SLEs, PR, other resources, and functional outcome trajectories vary across groups. We will account for selection using causal modeling techniques, conduct moderation and mediation tests to determine if responses to SLEs are dependent on PR, and identify resilient outcome trajectories across SLEs and outcomes. We will also conduct multiple group analyses to test how resources work alongside, in coordination with, or in place of PR, and whether the effects of PR differ by demographic groups. The goal of this R21 is to evaluate the potential of PR as a health resource and broaden the theoretical framework of resilience in later life based on population data. This work will provide a foundation for future work (including a future R01 application) to develop SLE interventions that foster stability and/or recovery. We will provide documentation and training for public use of the SRS measure in the HRS, supporting NIA’s initiatives to facilitate more robust evaluation of resilience mechanisms in population research. These materials will enable other researchers to effectively and efficiently expand population health research on PR.