Cognitive Science to Radiology: Using EEG and Eye-tracking to Determine Why, How, and When Novices and Radiologists Miss Signs of Breast Cancer in Multiple-abnormality Mammography and Tomosynthesis

搜索满意度(SOS)是指在发现前一个异常之后遗漏了一个异常 在不同类型的图像中普遍存在的问题，但它们对乳腺癌检测的影响是不可忽视的 为人所知。放射学和认知科学已经独立调查了SOS为什么、如何以及何时发生 可怜虫。这笔赠款的目标是将认知科学研究技术与放射学联系起来，以消除 终结点：1)SOS的神经基础，2)SOS影响乳腺癌检测的程度， 3)成像技术的进步在多大程度上缓解了SOS，以及4)专业知识如何影响 SOS错误率。我的中心假设是SOS有助于乳腺癌的漏诊，因为发现的一种ab. 正常变成了注意力的模板。注意模板在认知科学中被称为 在记忆中保持对目标的增强表征，并在搜索中偏向注意力。Ra- 这个项目的选项是当检测到第一个目标时，它成为一个注意力模板，利用和 偏离了检测后续目标所需的注意力，使搜索者容易受到SOS的影响。然而， SOS可以被缓解：1)通过改变搜索策略来抵消第一个目标成为目标-- 传统模板，2)成像技术的进步，3)乳腺癌检测的专业知识。 需要调查这些影响，以确定它们可以在多大程度上缓解SOS。这 工作将追求四个具体目标来检验中心假说：1)确定一个机械的解释 SOS，2)确定SOS对乳腺癌漏诊的影响程度，3)比较SOS在 乳房X光摄影和断层合成，以及4)比较不同专业水平之间的SOS错误率。 提出的研究具有创新性，因为它将：1)确定负责SOS的机制；2)使用 EEG和眼球跟踪来研究SOS的神经基础；3)使用逼真的、虚拟的乳房图像来研究- 确定SOS影响乳腺癌检测的程度；4)确定SOS影响乳腺癌检测的程度 简化搜索显示的结果可以复制到逼真的医学图像中；5)这是第一次 通过3D成像调查SOS；以及6)确定SOS比率因以下方面的专业知识而变化的程度 乳腺癌检测。这项拟议的研究具有重要意义，因为：1)它将在以下条件下发展神经- 了解SOS如何有助于癌症检测；2)确定SOS如何在不同的 搜索模式和专业知识；以及3)最终通过确定如何提高乳腺癌检测 这些影响会影响SOS费率。为了完成拟议的研究，以追求他的长期目标 成为一级机构的独立研究员后，PI将使用脑电和眼球跟踪进行培训。 他的培训将包括审计研究生课程，参加研讨会，每周与他的 并与他的导师一起每两年评估一次他的脑电/眼球跟踪专业知识。

Satisfaction of Search (SOS), where an abnormality is missed after a previous abnormality was found, is a pervasive problem across different types of images, yet their impact on breast cancer detection is un- known. Radiology and cognitive science have independently investigated why, how, and when SOS oc- curs. The objectives of this grant are to bridge cognitive science research techniques with radiology to de- termine: 1) the neural underpinnings of SOS, 2) the extent to which SOS affects breast cancer detection, 3) the extent to which advancements in imaging technology alleviates SOS, and 4) how expertise affects SOS error rates. My central hypothesis is SOS contributes to breast cancer misses because a found ab- normality becomes an attentional template. An attentional template is known in cognitive science as an enhanced representation of a target maintained within memory and biases attention in search. The ra- tionale for this project is when a first target is detected, it becomes an attentional template that utilizes and biases attention necessary for detecting subsequent targets making searchers prone to SOS. However, SOS may be mitigated: 1) by changing search strategies to counteract a first target becoming an atten- tional template, 2) with advances in imaging technology, and 3) with expertise in breast cancer detection. These influences need to be investigated to determine the extent to which they can alleviate SOS. This work will pursue four specific aims to test the central hypothesis: 1) identify a mechanistic account for SOS, 2) determine the extent to which SOS accounts for breast cancer misses, 3) compare SOS between mammography and tomosynthesis, and 4) compare SOS error rates between different levels of expertise. The research proposed is innovative because it will: 1) identify a mechanism responsible for SOS; 2) use EEG and eye-tracking to study the neural basis of SOS; 3) use realistic, virtual breast images to investi- gate the extent to which SOS affects breast cancer detection; 4) determine the extent to which the SOS results from simplified search displays replicate in realistic-looking medical images; 5) be the first time SOS is investigated with 3D imaging; and 6) determine the extent to which SOS rates vary by expertise in breast cancer detection. The proposed research is significant because: 1) it will develop a neural under- standing of how SOS contributes to cancer detection; 2) determine how SOS varies across different search modalities and by expertise; and 3) ultimately improve breast cancer detection by determining how these influences impact SOS rates. To complete the proposed research, in pursuit of his long-term goal of becoming an independent researcher at a Tier-I institution, the PI will train using EEG and eye-tracking. His training will include auditing graduate courses, attending workshops, weekly meetings/training with his mentors, and bi-annual assessments of his EEG/eye-tracking expertise with his mentors.