Adiponectin on cerebrovascular regulation in vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID)

血管功能不全是血管性认知功能障碍和痴呆的基础 (VCID)。VCID的病理事件涉及CNS和外周之间的串扰 代谢调节，然而连接两个隔室的细节还没有得到充分的研究。为了填满这个 关于GAP，本提案侧重于脂联素在VCID进展中的影响。 脂联素是一种主要由脂肪细胞产生并分泌到血液中的脂肪因子， 调节葡萄糖代谢和脂肪酸氧化。使用慢性脑损伤的小鼠模型 我们发现，非对称性颈总动脉狭窄(ACAS)导致低灌注量诱发的VCID ACAS后3d至42d，血浆脂联素水平升高，但在 ACAS术后42d的脑脊液。我们获得了更多有希望的数据，表明1) 脂联素基因敲除(KO)小鼠在ACAS后42d表现出更明显的认知障碍， 而脂联素受体(AdipoR)的小分子激动剂AdipoRon的应用， 挽救脂联素KO小鼠的长期认知功能并减轻小鼠的认知缺陷 野生型小鼠；2)脂联素KO加重，而AdipoRon治疗改善了长期 白质结构和功能的完整性；3)脂联素受体AdipoR1/R2高度 4)脂联素KO加剧了皮质细胞的减少 ACAS后的脑血流量(CBF)；5)AdipoRon促进内皮型一氧化氮合酶 血管内皮细胞激活；6)AdipoRon减少血脑屏障渗漏 ACAs对缺氧缺糖(OGD)诱导的血管通透性升高的保护作用 体外血脑屏障模型。7)AdipoRon治疗可抑制ACAS后的神经炎症反应 OGD时原发EC炎性因子的释放。目前的提议将进一步 探讨脂联素对急性冠脉综合征血管活性、血脑屏障等内皮功能的影响 完整性和EC炎症，并将在体内开发AdipoRon方案作为一种新的策略 保护脑白质，改善认知功能。中心假设是脂联素 改善慢性脑低灌注症的认知障碍和脑白质损伤- VCID的诱导至少部分是通过增强内皮依赖性血管活性和血脑屏障 正直。目的1.测试脂联素是否通过以下方式改善内皮依赖性血管活性和脑血流量 慢性脑低灌流诱导的一氧化氮促进血管生成 VCID。目的2.检测脂联素是否抑制血管内皮细胞炎症，保护血脑屏障完整性 抗低灌注性损伤。目标3.测试AdipoRon治疗是否能维持脑白质 青年和老年小鼠ACAS术后的完整性和长期神经功能。

Vascular insufficiency underlies the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). The pathological events in VCID involves crosstalk between the CNS and peripheral metabolic regulation, yet the details in bridging two compartments are underexplored. To fill this gap, the present proposal focuses on the impact of the adiponectin in the progression of VCID. Adiponectin is an adipokine mainly produced by adipocytes and secreted into the bloodstream, regulating glucose metabolism and fatty acid oxidation. Using a mouse model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced VCID by asymmetric common carotid artery stenosis (ACAS), we found that adiponectin levels increased in plasma 3d to 42d after ACAS, yet were suppressed in cerebrospinal fluid at 42d after ACAS. We obtained further promising data showing that 1) Adiponectin knockout (KO) mice exhibited more prominent cognitive deficits up to 42d after ACAS, whereas administration of adipoRon, a small-molecule agonist of adiponectin receptor (adipoR), rescued long-term cognitive functions in adiponectin KO mice and attenuated cognitive deficits in wild-type mice; 2) Adiponectin KO exacerbated, while adipoRon treatment improved long-term white matter structural and functional integrity; 3) Adiponectin receptors AdipoR1/R2 were highly expressed on endothelial cells (ECs); 4) Adiponectin KO exacerbated the reduction in cortical cerebral blood flow (CBF) after ACAS; 5) AdipoRon promotes endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation in cultured EC; 6) AdipoRon reduced blood brain barrier (BBB) leakage in vivo after ACAS and protected from oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced hyperpermeability in an in vitro BBB model. 7) AdipoRon treatment inhibited neuroinflammation after ACAS and inhibited the release of inflammatory factors from primary EC upon OGD. The current proposal will further explore the effects of adiponectin on endothelial function in ACAS, including vasoactivity, BBB integrity, and EC inflammation and will develop in vivo adipoRon regimen as a novel strategy to preserve white matter and improve cognitive function. The central hypothesis is that adiponectin ameliorates cognitive deficits and white matter injury in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion- induced VCID at least in part by enhancing endothelial-dependent vasoactivity and BBB integrity. Aim 1. Test if adiponectin improves endothelial-dependent vasoactivity and CBF by enhancing vascular production of nitric oxide following chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced VCID. Aim 2. Test if adiponectin inhibits endothelial inflammation and protects the BBB integrity against hypoperfusion-induced injury. Aim 3. Test if adipoRon treatment maintains white matter integrity and long-term neurological functions after ACAS in young and aged mice of both sexes.