Strategies to increase durability of host resistance for effective control of phoma stem canker on oilseed rape

油菜腐烂病是由真菌病原菌黑斑链霉菌引起的一种危害油菜的病害，尽管使用了杀菌剂，但每年仍造成产量损失1亿英镑。随着最近通过欧盟立法失去最有效的杀菌剂，以及预计全球变暖，潜在的产量损失将会增加。利用寄主抗性来控制这种疾病正变得越来越重要。然而，由于病原菌种群的变化，新的抗药性来源往往变得无效。该项目将监测新的毒力小种的出现并防止它们扩散到新的区域；研究斑点李斯特菌种群从无毒突变到毒力突变的分子机制；了解环境因素(如温度)对寄主抗性耐受性的影响。新的知识将被用来通过优化寄主抗性的部署和有针对性的杀菌剂应用来开发新的控制策略。该项目将与育种者、分销商、农民和科学家组成一个联盟，通过将研究知识直接应用于耕作实践，确保有效控制茎腐病。

Phoma stem canker, caused by the fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans, is a damaging disease on oilseed rape in the UK, causing annual yield losses > £100M despite use of fungicides. With recent loss of the most effective fungicides through EU legislation and predicted global warming, potential yield losses will increase. Use of host resistance to control this disease is becoming ever more important. However, new sources of resistance are often rendered ineffective due to pathogen population changes. This project will monitor emergence of new virulent races of L. maculans and prevent them from spreading into new regions; investigate molecular mechanisms of mutation from avirulent to virulence in L. maculans populations; understand effects of environmental factors (e.g. temperature) on durability of host resistance. New knowledge will be used to develop new control strategies by optimising deployment of host resistance and targeted fungicide application. This project will bring together a consortium with breeders, distributor, farmer and scientists to ensure effective control of phoma stem canker by directly applying knowledge from research into farming practice.