MUCOSAL IMMUNITY TO SIV INFECTION AND VACCINES

艾滋病毒/SIV感染生物学的独特方面，包括使用 免疫功能的CD_4作为猪瘟病毒感染的受体 功能免疫细胞，由于感染的持久性 整合到宿主基因组中，以及这些病毒的变异性 给保护性疫苗的开发带来了巨大的挑战。自.以来 一种显性保护性免疫机制仍未确定，有几个 必须考虑潜在的保护性免疫机制，并 同时深入研究，以便充分理解 疫苗试验结果。无细胞的性传播-细胞- 伴随病毒进入粘膜是感染的主要途径。 对粘膜免疫的研究提出了一个特别的问题，因为这个过程 粘膜感染的机制和免疫机制还不完全 明白了。这样的研究是劳动密集型和技术要求高的， 并需要具有不同技能的团队才能完成任务。两个人在- 网站组将密切合作，提供全面的 与病毒致病相关的系统免疫和粘膜免疫的研究进展 和保护。 我们将：1)评估粘膜和系统的细胞免疫 包括TH1/TH2比例和细胞毒免疫机制，如 细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)，抗体依赖的细胞溶解 (ADCC)和抗体补体细胞毒性(ACC)；2)评估 不同疫苗对特异性B细胞和浆细胞的诱导作用 佐剂；以及3)比较不同的引发途径诱导 粘膜CTL。通过已经建立在 这些研究人员，对粘膜免疫系统的综合看法应该是 来自这些研究的结果。

Unique aspects of the biology of HIV/SIV infection, including the use of immunologically functional CD4 as the receptor for infection of functional immune cells, the permanence of the infection due to integration into the host genome, and the mutability of these viruses pose great challenges for the development of a protective vaccine. Since a dominant protective immune mechanism remains unidentified, several potentially protective immune mechanisms must be considered and intensively studied simultaneously in order to fully understand the results of vaccine trials. Sexual transmission of cell-free an cell- associated virus to mucosal membranes is a major route of infection. Studies of mucosal immunity pose a particular problem because the process of mucosal infection and the mechanisms of immunity are not completely understood. Such studies are labor intensive and technically demanding, and require groups with diverse skills for their accomplishment. Two on- site groups will work in close collaboration to provide a comprehensive evaluation of systemic and mucosal immunity related to viral pathogenesis and protection. We will: 1) evaluated mucosal and systemic cell-mediated immunity including TH1/TH2 proportion and cytotoxic immune mechanisms such as cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL), antibody-dependent cellular cytolysis (ADCC) and antibody complement cytotoxicity (ACC); 2) assess the induction of specific B-cells and plasma cells by various vaccines and adjuvants; and 3) compare different priming routes for induction of mucosal CTL. Through close interactions that have been established among these investigators, a composite view of the mucosal immune system should result from these studies.