Investigating the feasibility of adapting a direct PCR diagnostics approach to in-field animal testing

BGR开发了一种直接从患者身上检测病毒病原体的方法，无需复杂的实验室设施或专家使用。虽然人类诊断学已经发展，但在测试动物的重要病原体方面进展甚微。2001年英国爆发口蹄疫，仅农业部门就损失了30多亿英镑，更快速的诊断将最大限度地减少疾病的传播和影响。这项建议是调整联邦遗传资源研究所的技术，从检测人类血液中的埃博拉病毒等病原体，改为能够从血液或疑似携带疾病的动物的简单拭子中检测口蹄疫病毒等疾病。BGR先前开发了一种用于人类登革热的测试，可以从一个简单的测试中同时检测多达七种不同的病毒。使用这种方法，应该可以区分表现出类似症状的不同兽医疾病。测试需要50分钟才能完成，可以在围栏边进行，快速诊断和反应是防止这些危险病原体传播的关键。有许多疾病，如FMD、BTV和PPR，是OIE应报告的疾病，如果怀疑或发现，必须报告，并且这些疾病可以合并到一个测试中。这些疾病是在特定地区发现的地方病，或者在非洲和亚洲等世界地区发生频率更高，因此这项技术将在全球范围内应用，推动英国的制造和出口。在该项目中，BGR将建造一个新的反应容器，用于进行管内检测，可以采集各种类型的样品。这意味着能够从血液样本，唾液或鼻拭子样本中检测一系列疾病，因为不同的疾病在不同的体液中被检测到。第二阶段将由兽医在RVC从健康的牛、猪、山羊和绵羊身上采集样本（血液和拭子），然后在实验室中通过加入已知量的无害病毒进行测试，以确定每种样本类型的适用性。最后，该检测将应用于Pirbright研究所存档的血液和拭子样本，用于检测感染危险病原体的真实的世界样本，以确定每种样本类型的灵敏度和特异性，然后BGR将朝着适当检测的商业化方向发展。

BGR has developed a method for detecting viral pathogens directly from patients, removing the requirement for complex lab facilities or expert use. While human diagnostics has evolved, there has been little progress for testing animals for important pathogens. The UK foot and mouth disease outbreaks in 2001 cost the country over £3bn in losses to the agriculture sector alone and more rapid diagnostics would minimise the spread and impact of diseases. This proposal is to adapt the BGR technology from detecting pathogens like Ebola from human blood to being able to detect diseases like foot and mouth disease virus from blood or a simple swab from animals suspected of harbouring diseases. BGR have previously developed a test for dengue in humans that can simultaneously detect up to seven different viruses from 1 simple test. It should be possible to differentiate between different veterinary diseases that display similar symptoms using this approach. The tests take fifty minutes to complete and could be performed at pen-side, rapid diagnosis and response are key to preventing the spread of these dangerous pathogens. There are a number of diseases such as FMD, BTV and PPR that are OIE notifiable, they have to be reported if suspected or found, and these could be combined into a single test. These diseases are found endemically in particular locations or with a much higher frequency in areas in the world such as Africa and Asia and as such this technology would have global applications, driving UK manufacture and exports. In this project BGR will build a new reaction vessel for performing its in-tube detection that can take a wide range of sample types. This would mean being able to test for a range of diseases from blood sample, saliva or a nasal swab sample, as different diseases are detected in differing body fluids. The second stage will be for a vet to take samples (blood and swabs) from healthy cows, pigs, goats and sheep at RVC and then test these in the lab by spiking in known amounts of a harmless virus, to determine the suitability of each sample type. Lastly, the test will be applied to archived blood and swab samples at the Pirbright institute for testing on real world samples infected with a dangerous pathogen to determine the sensitivity and specificity of each sample type and then BGR will move towards commercialisation of appropriate tests.