PHYSIOLOGY OF PHOTORECEPTORS

这项建议包括两个部分。 首先，我们建议研究 金鱼神经节突触受体生理学和药理学 细胞，对于培养物中的酶促解离细胞和 完整的视网膜切片 神经节细胞的记录将用 膜片钳技术在全细胞和孤立的膜片模式。 我们 图（1），分离的兴奋性氨基酸受体的表征 （2）进一步研究抑制性氨基酸对神经节细胞的作用 酸，包括GABA脱敏的性质的研究， 士的宁阻断GABA和甘氨酸的机制探讨， 和噪声频谱的甘氨酸全细胞电流的解释， 单通道响应的术语;（3），肽的作用的调查 以及解离的神经节细胞上的其他推定的神经递质;以及 (4)，开发了一种从神经节细胞中进行记录的系统 在金鱼视网膜切片中。 在本建议的第二部分，我们 建议使用微电极记录，外部灌注， 显微分光光度法来阐明暗适应的机制， 脊椎动物的杆和锥。 这些实验旨在测试 暗适应的"等效背景假说" 单个光感受器 我们还计划调查一个可能的作用， 细胞内钙离子浓度在控制敏感性过程中的作用 颜料漂白后的回收。

This proposal consists of two parts. In the first, we propose to study the physiology and pharmacology of synaptic receptors of goldfish ganglion cells, both for enzymatically dissociated cells in culture and for cells in slices of intact retina. Recordings from ganglion cells will be made with patch-clamp techniques in both the whole-cell and isolated patch modes. We plan (1), a characterization of excitatory amino acid receptors on isolated ganglion cells; (2), further study of the effects of inhibitory amino acids, including a study of the nature of GABA desensitization, an investigation of the mechanism of strychnine block for GABA and glycine, and an explanation of the noise spectrum for glycine whole-cell currents in terms of single-channel responses; (3), a survey of the effects of peptides and other putative neurotransmitters on dissociated ganglion cells; and (4), the development of a system for making recordings from ganglion cells in slices of goldfish retina. In the second part of this proposal, we propose to use microelectrode recording, external perfusion, and microspectrophotometry to elucidate the mechanism of dark adaptation in vertebrate rods and cones. These experiments are designed to test the "equivalent background hypothesis" of dark adaptation at the level of single photoreceptors. We also plan to investigate a possible role for intracellular calcium concentration in controlling sensitivity during recovery after pigment bleaching.