CNS CONTROL OF BLADDER AND URETHRAL FUNCTION

膀胱疾病在所有年龄段的女性中很常见，这些 疾病可能表现在怀孕期间，分娩后或 绝经控制和排泄取决于功能性的 整合和协调阶梯以及尿道机制。这些 泌尿生殖机制不仅取决于机械性能的 下泌尿道也会受到神经输入的影响 脊髓和大脑控制膀胱和尿道的脊髓回路 反射由脊髓上神经元调节。以前的工作集中在 膀胱功能的外周和脊髓控制。更少的研究 检查膀胱和尿道的相互激活和抑制 CNS的机制。控制逼尿肌的脊髓回路 收缩由脑桥排尿中心的神经元调节， 脑桥的外侧被盖区这些电路依次 由脊髓上的输入信号调制大多数检查CNS的研究 控制排尿已经使用电刺激和损伤 技术.这些方法不能区分纤维和细胞体。的 目前的建议旨在研究中枢神经系统的神经元和途径，介导 膀胱和尿道活动，使他们可能采取行动， 正常的条件来维持女性的性欲。 一系列协调的解剖学和生理学实验将在 进行，以确定中枢神经系统的电路，调节膀胱和尿道 雌性大鼠的反射投射到膀胱（基底）的脑部位 和圆顶）和尿道（外尿道括约肌和尿道）将被 通过使用伪狂犬病病毒的跨神经元追踪技术鉴定。 这项技术已被证明是有价值的识别突触 连接的神经回路电刺激和化学刺激研究 麻醉的动物将识别激活逼尿肌的神经元位点 和括约肌活动。化学损伤和灭活研究将 确定这些神经元对膀胱和尿道活动诱发的作用 通过将液体注入膀胱。外侧被盖刺激 CNS损伤后的视野将决定嘴侧输入的贡献 侧被盖区引起的膀胱和尿道反射的变化 以及盆腔、腹下和阴部神经活动。 检查CNS刺激和失活在不同阶段的影响 发情周期，分娩后，并在退休的饲养员将 阐明性激素对膀胱和尿道功能的任何影响， 自然的环境关于解剖和功能的新信息 介导膀胱和尿道的途径的特异性和/或异质性 将获得功能。

Disorders of the bladder are common in female of all ages and these disorders may be manifested during pregnancy, after childbirth or menopause. Continence and voiding are dependent on the functional integration and coordination ladder and urethral mechanisms. These urogenital mechanisms depend not only on the mechanical properties of the lower urinary tract but also on neural inputs that arise jam the spinal cord and brain. The spinal cord circuits controlling bladder and urethral reflexes are modulated by supraspinal neurons. Previous work has focused on the peripheral and spinal control of bladder function. Fewer studies have examined the reciprical activation and inhibition of bladder and urethral mechanisms by the CNS. Spinal cord circuits controlling detrusor contractions are regulated by neurons in the pontine micturition center in the lateral tegmental field of the pons. These circuits are in turn modulated by supraspinal inputs. The majority of studies examining the CNS control of micturition have used electrical stimulation and lesion techniques. These methods do not distinguish fibers from cell bodies. The present proposal seeks to examine the CNS neurons and pathways that mediate bladder and urethral activity such that they might act reciprocally under normal conditions to maintain continence in the female. A coordinated series of anatomical and physiological experiments will be performed to identify the CNS circuits that modulate bladder and urethral reflexes in the female rat. Brain sites which project to the bladder (base and dome) and urethra (external urethral sphincter and urethra) will be identified by the transneuronal tracing technique using pseudorabies virus. This technique has proven valuable for the identification of synaptically connected neuronal circuits. Electrical and chemical stimulation studies in anesthetized animals will identify neuronal sites which activate detrusor and sphincter activity. Chemical lesion and inactivation studies will determine the role of these neurons on bladder and urethral activity evoked by infusion of fluid into the bladder. Stimulation of the lateral tegmental field after CNS lesions will determine the contribution of rostral inputs to lateral tegmental field induced changes in bladder and urethral reflexes and pelvic, hypogastric and pudendal nerve activity. Examining the effects of CNS stimulation and inactivation at various stages of the estrous cycle, delivery after and in the retired breeder will elucidate any effects sex hormones have on bladder and urethral function in a natural setting. New information concerning the anatomical and functional specificity and/or heterogeneity of pathways mediating bladder and urethral function will be gained.