BEHAVIORAL MEASURES OF BINOCULAR VISION

从历史上看，对“简化”视觉系统的研究已经取得了有价值的成果。 对我们正常视力知识的贡献;例如， 色觉异常是重要的发展， 正常色觉的三色基础。 类似地，我们的理解 双眼视觉过程的研究应该受益于 受试者的立体视觉降低。 因此，本申请 提出了研究猴子的位置差异处理， 由于异常双眼视觉而发生的立体缺陷 早期的视觉体验 三次试验饲养 将使用的程序，其中每一个导致异常的双眼视觉 没有明显的继发性异常（斜视或弱视）。 （一） 短期的双边形式剥夺，以统一防止充分 刺激所有视差处理系统。 (2)短期光学 双眼视觉分离，可能会改变双眼视觉 通过抑制机制。 (3)长期单侧交替， 散焦以选择性地降低双眼位置差异，而不 单眼空间视觉的永久性改变。 对照和实验猴的视力评估将 涉及一系列的基本功能的心理物理测量， 单眼（空间对比灵敏度和准确度和精度 固定）和双眼视觉（两眼间对准、融合聚散 范围，空间光栅的双目总和，局部立体， 窄带，空间滤波的刺激，和全球立体视觉与动态 随机点立体图）。 各种结果的相关性 功能性措施应该大大增加我们对正常的知识， 双目视觉，相对于相互作用的性质， 视差、聚散度和立体视，交叉和 不交叉的差异机制，功能分化之间的罚款 和粗立体视，以及全球立体视对正常的依赖性 局部立体视觉机制 此外，这些研究的结果 应该能为双眼视觉功能障碍提供新的见解 与儿童斜视和弱视有关。

Historically, investigations of "reduced" visual systems have made valuable contributions to our knowledge of normal vision; for example, studies of color vision anomalies were important in the development of the trichromatic basis of normal color vision. Analogously, our understanding of binocular vision processes should benefit from investigations of subjects with reduced stereopsis. The present application, therefore, proposes investigations of positional disparity processing in monkeys with stereo-deficiencies which occur as a consequence of abnormal binocular visual experience, during early life. Three experimental rearing procedures will be used, each of which causes anomalies of binocular vision without significant secondary anomalies (strabismus or amblyopia). (1) Short-term bilateral form deprivation, to uniformly prevent adequate stimulation of all disparity processing systems. (2) Short-term optical dissociation of binocular vision, which presumably alters binocular vision through suppression mechanisms. (3) Long-term unilateral, alternating, defocus to selectively degrade binocular positional disparities, without permanent alterations of monocular spatial vision. The assessment of the vision of the control and experimental monkeys will involve a series of psychophysical measurements of basic functions of monocular (spatial contrast sensitivity and the accuracy and precision of fixation) and binocular vision (interocular alignment, fusional vergence ranges, binocular summation for spatial gratings, local steropsis with narrow-band, spatially filtered stimuli, and global stereopsis with dynamic random-dot stereograms). Correlations of the results of the various functional measures should significantly increase our knowledge of normal binocular vision, with respect to the nature of the interactions between disparity vergence and stereopsis, the independence of crossed and uncrossed disparity mechanisms, the functional differentiation between fine and coarse stereopsis, and the dependence of global stereopsis on normal local stereopsis mechanisms. In addition, the results of these studies should provide new insights into the dysfunctions of binocular vision associated with strabismus and amblyopia in children.