APPLIED VISUAL PERFORMANCE TESTS

本修订提案的目的是评估-在这方面 预测非理想观看下的真实世界视觉任务表现 条件-新的、临床实用的、易于管理的视觉 试验. 重点是低对比度、低亮度、光线变化 水平，和分散注意力的任务，这是最有问题的， 老人 在这个过程中，我们将获得一个全面的描述， 老年人的视力功能。 这一数据集将是独一无二的， 老年受试者人数多，年龄范围广 包括非常古老的，和广泛的性质的测试电池上 每个人都被衡量。 我们并不打算确定 与疾病相关的视力丧失;相反，这项研究解决了 临床需要预测真实世界视觉的实用、可用的测试 任务绩效 我们将应用并验证史密斯-凯特尔韦尔研究所的低亮度 （技能）卡-一个独特的背面灰色近视力卡，设计 模拟低对比度，低亮度条件下使用正常的办公 照明 我们之前的研究表明，该测试预测了 阅读和驾驶性能以及作为一个敏感的指标 视网膜功能。 我们还将应用伯克利残疾眩光 测试，史密斯-凯特尔韦尔视网膜恢复率测试，和史密斯- 凯特韦尔注意视野测试。 所有这些都被证明是 在以前发表的实验室研究中的敏感措施。 我们现在将 建立他们的优势作为现实世界的视觉性能的预测 问题及其临床使用的便利性。 我们将利用2,000名老年人的优势， 我们的合作者已经预先确定并充分表征， 著名流行病学家威廉·萨塔里亚诺。 每位参与者将 给定我们的视力测试组（由上述测试组成 除了一些其他已建立的视力测试）以及 经验证的问卷，专门用于评估视力问题 在日常生活中 我们还将评估驾驶记录，阅读，和昏暗- 轻型行走性能作为现实世界任务的定量测量 性能 我们将确定测试电池的组件， 最好地预测各种主观报告和实际任务绩效 问题 我们还将确定实际和 主观报告的视觉表现困难。 一旦我们确定了这些测试的预测价值， 传递给临床医生和其他将受益的人 从患者满足视觉的能力的更有效的指标 日常生活的挑战。

The objective of this revised proposal is to evaluate - in the context of predicting real-world visual task performance under non-ideal viewing conditions - new, clinically-practical, simple-to-administer vision tests. The focus is on the low contrast, low luminance, changing light levels, and divided attention tasks that are most problematic for the elderly. In the process, we will acquire a comprehensive description of vision function in older people. this data set will be unique in its combination of large number of older subjects, the wide range of ages including the very old, and the extensive nature of the test battery on which each person is measured. We do not aim to determine the mechanisms of vision loss associated with disease; rather, this study addresses the clinical need for practical, usable tests which predict real-world visual task performance. We will apply and validate the Smith-Kettlewell Institute Low Luminance (SKILL) card - a unique back-on-grey near visual acuity card, designed to simulate low contrast, low luminance conditions using normal office lighting. Our previous studies demonstrate that this test predicts both reading and driving performance as well as being a sensitive indicator of retinal function. We will also apply the Berkeley disability Glare test, the Smith-Kettlewell Retinal Recovery Rate test, and the Smith- Kettlewell Attentional Visual Field test. All have proven to be sensitive measures in previous published laboratory studies. We will now establish their strengths as predictors of real-world vision performance problems and their convenience for clinical use. We will take advantage of a population of 2,000 elderly people that has been pre-identified and well-characterized by our collaborator, Dr. William Satariano, a noted epidemiologist. Each participant will be given our vision test battery (consisting of the above-described tests in addition to a number of other established vision tests) as well as a validated questionnaire specifically designed to assess vision problems in daily life. We will also evaluate driving records, reading, and dim- light walking performance as quantitative measures of real-world task performance. We will determine the components of the test battery that best predict various subjectively-reported and actual task performance problems. We will also determine the relation between actual and subjectively reported visual performance difficulties. Once we have established the predictive value of these tests, they can be passed on to the clinician and other individuals who would benefit from more valid indicators of the patient's ability to meet the visual challenges of daily life.