GENETIC ANALYSIS OF LEARNING PERFORMANCE

下面概述的研究将调查定量和分子 蜜蜂学习能力变异的遗传基础 意利费拉。无脊椎动物学习记忆基础的研究 例如软体动物和昆虫已经证明， 在脊椎动物研究中发现的行为可塑性 广泛的系统谱系然而，学习特征的遗传基础 才刚刚开始被研究。 蜜蜂提供了极好的 研究影响学习的遗传因素的机会 行为，因为有可能应用几个强大的行为 研究脊椎动物学习的范例。 一系列建议 研究将利用训练和分析蜜蜂的能力， 雄蜂（雄性）。雄蜂来自未受精的卵，因此是单倍体 母体基因型的重组体。数量遗传选择 单倍体比二倍体更快地进行。此外，链接 从单倍体基因型作图使用最近开发的地图从一个 一系列的RAPD引物将不会有这种作图的复杂性 使用二倍体基因型。这些研究的具体目标是： * 为了进一步确定数量遗传基础， 嗅觉学习表现的变异性。 将选择行用于 快速与慢速反向学习性能相对于 控制线。 使用该调节处理方案并纳入 适当的控制程序将允许我们测试是否关联 学习成绩可以选择没有相关的反应， 敏感或运动系统。 * 利用连锁图研究其分子遗传背景 建立了RAPD遗传标记。这些分析将是 在杂交蜂王的重组F2雄蜂后代中进行，其中 小基数群体中建立者效应引起的伪相关 会被削弱。

Studies outlined below will investigate the quantitative and molecular genetic bases for variation in learning performance in the honey bee, Apis mellifera. Research into the bases of learning and memory in invertebrates such as mollusks and insects has demonstrated that fundamental properties of behavioral plasticity developed in studies of vertebrates apply across a broad phylogenetic spectrum. Yet, the genetic bases for learning traits are only beginning to be studied. Honey bees provide excellent opportunities for studying genetic factors that influence learning behavior because of the potential to apply several powerful behavioral paradigms for studying learning in vertebrates. The series of proposed studies will take advantage of the ability to train and analyze honey bee drones (males). Drones arise from unfertilized eggs and are thus haploid recombinants of the maternal genotype. Quantitative genetic selection on a haploid proceeds faster than it would on a diploid. Furthermore, linkage mapping from haploid genotypes using a map recently developed from a series of RAPD primers will not have the complications of such mapping using diploid genotypes. The specific aims of the studies are: * To further determine the quantitative genetic bases underlying variability in olfactory learning performance. Lines will be selected for fast versus slow reversal learning performance relative to unselected control lines. Use of this conditioning protocol and inclusion of appropriate control procedures will allow us to test whether associative learning performance can be selected without correlated responses in sensitization or motor systems. * To investigate the molecular genetic background using a linkage map established from RAPD genetic markers. These kinds of analyses will be carried out in recombinant F2 drone progeny of hybrid queens, in which spurious correlations due to founder effects in small base populations would be attenuated.