STRESS, COPING AND ATHLETIC INJURIES

本研究的目的是：（1）促进对 压力、应对与运动损伤的关系; 识别由于以下原因而导致受伤风险增加的个体子集 心理社会特征，干扰最佳和安全的 性能 我们的目标是评估：1）压力源是否长期发挥其影响力 或相对较短的时间内，2）体育相关的评价 压力事件比其他类型的事件更突出，3） 不同应对策略对应激-伤害关系有调节作用， 感觉寻求，对评价的不同情绪反应， 有压力的情况，社会支持，4）受伤的学员更有可能 比未受伤的经历高竞争焦虑，中断 注意力集中，肌肉张力增加， 睡吧 我们建议在美国军事学院进行这项研究 （USMA）。 USMA为研究这些问题提供了一个独特的机会， 在高度受控和统一的环境中， 和记录的医疗保健，高频率的伤害，能力 直接通过每个学员的终端收集自我报告数据， 办公桌，以及军方对伤害预防的浓厚兴趣。 我们 还建议在大学进行这项研究的一个方面， 佛罗里达（U.FL）利用大学橄榄球运动员作为对照组。 拟议项目的设计有四个组成部分：1）前景 研究两个时期的压力源和背景特征： 在进入USMA，并在大二年初， 2）对受伤儿童进行病例对照研究， 与未受伤学员的运动暴露相匹配的学员; 3）前瞻性 压力感知和压力反应的研究 在USMA每学期三周的时间内;以及4） 一项前瞻性研究的压力源和背景特征的 1994年足球赛季U.F1运动员和伤病。 如果我们能够证明压力和 伤害，描述最大风险的时间段，确定机制 将压力与受伤联系起来，识别出风险最高的个体， 表明这些发现在几种情况下都是可以复制的，我们可以 为了解损伤过程做出重大贡献， 减少体育活动的发病率。

The purpose of the proposed study is to: 1) advance understanding about the relationship between stress, coping and athletic injuries, and 2) identify subsets of individuals at increased risk of injury because of psychosocial characteristics which interfere with optimal and safe performance. We aim to assess whether: 1) stressors exert their influence over long or relatively short periods of time, 2) the appraisal of sports related events as stressful is more salient that other types of events, 3) the stress-injury relationship is moderated by different coping strategies, sensation seeking, varying emotional response to the appraisal of stressful situations, social support, 4) injured cadets are more likely than uninjured to experience high competitive anxiety, disrupted concentration and attention, increased muscle tension and disruption of sleep. We propose to carry out this study at the United States Military Academy (USMA). USMA offers a unique opportunity to study these issues because of a highly controlled and uniform environment, the centralized provision and recording of health care, a high frequency of injuries, the ability to collect self-report data directly through terminals at each cadet's desk, and the deep interest the military has in injury prevention. We also propose to carry out one aspect of this study at the University of Florida (U.FL) utilizing varsity football players as a comparison group. The design of the proposed project has four components: 1) a prospective study of stressors and background characteristics in two periods of time: upon entry to USMA, and at the beginning of the sophomore year, and injuries in the subsequent semesters; 2) a case-control study of injured cadets matched on athletic exposure to uninjured cadets; 3) a prospective study of perceived stress and response to stress measured on a daily basis over one three week period of time each semester at USMA; and 4) a prospective study of stressors and background characteristics of the U.F1 athletes and injuries in the 1994 football season. If we are able to demonstrate a clear relationship between stress and injuries, delineate time periods of greatest risk, identify mechanisms that link stress to injuries, identify individuals at highest risk and indicate that the findings are replicable in several settings, we could make a substantial contribution to knowledge about the injury process and to reducing morbidity from athletic activities.