DEVELOPMENT OF EXPECTATIONS IN THE HUMAN INFANT

预期是关于即将到来的时间或地点的预测或预测 事件将发生或即将发生的事件将是什么。有证据表明 婴儿的预期能力在6-9岁之间有显著的变化 月份。目前工作的长期目标是探索 人类婴儿对某一事件发生时间的预期发展 将发生、事件将发生的位置以及 即将到来的活动。沿着这些维度的发展创造了 更加坚定的期望(即，有组织的或 以有序的或发达的形式构建的)，或者可能更多 计算复杂(即基于多个相互作用的维度) 描述了使用视觉期望程序的三个实验 由Haith和他的同事开发，以及线索-目标程序 由波斯纳和罗斯巴特开发，用于评估对时机的预期， 3、6、9和12岁婴儿即将发生的事件的位置和身份 月份。每个实验都是为了测量一个方面的 期望通过使用三个单独的过程，这三个过程应该是 对这一方面很敏感。每个婴儿都将在所有三个方面进行测试 程序，以便可以计算每个年龄的总分。 每个实验中的分析将探索特定的发展 实验之间的期望和分析方面将解决 跨方面的连续性或独立性问题。 该项目与健康相关的是对 婴儿的期望以及如何衡量它们可能为我们提供一个窗口 大脑皮层功能和功能障碍，因此与 对正常发育和创伤诊断的描述(例如， 闭合性头部损伤)和额部受累的疾病(如北卡罗来纳州大学)。一个 早期治疗的PKU婴儿的小样本将用 在这里制定的程序。

An expectation is a projection or forecast about when or where an upcoming event will occur or what an upcoming event will be. Evidence suggests that the infant's capacity for expectations changes markedly between 6-9 months. The long-term objective of the present work is to explore the human infant's development of expectations about the time when an event will occur, the location where an event will occur, and the identity of the upcoming event. Development along these dimensions creates expectations that are more firmly vertebrated (i.e., organized or constructed in an orderly or developed form), or perhaps, more computationally complex (i.e., based upon multiple, interacting dimensions) Three experiments are described that use the visual expectation procedure developed by Haith and his colleagues and the cue-target procedure developed by Posner and Rothbart to assess expectations about the timing, location, and identity of upcoming events in infants at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Each experiment is designed to measure a single aspect of expectation through the use of three separate procedures that should be sensitive to that aspect. Each infant will be tested in all three procedures so that an aggregate score can be calculated at each age. Analysis within each experiment will explore the development of specific aspects of expectation and analysis between the experiments will address issues of cross-aspect continuity or independence. The health relatedness of the project is that an understanding of the infant's expectations and how to measure them may provide a window on cortical functioning and malfunctioning and is thus relevant for descriptions of normal development and for the diagnosis of trauma (e.g., closed head injury) and diseases with frontal involvement (e.g., PKU). A small sample of infants with early-treated PKU will be tested with the procedures developed here.