STRESS, COPING AND ATHLETIC INJURIES

拟议研究的目的是：1)增进对以下方面的了解 压力、应对方式与运动损伤的关系 确定因以下原因而受伤风险增加的个人亚群 影响最佳和安全的心理社会特征 性能。 我们的目标是评估：1)应激源是否对Long 或相对较短的时间段，2)对相关体育项目的评价 有压力的事件比其他类型的事件更突出，3) 应激-伤害关系受到不同应对策略的调节， 感觉寻求，对评价的不同情绪反应 有压力的情况、社会支持、受伤的学员更有可能 比没有受伤的经历高度的竞争焦虑，被打乱 注意力集中，肌肉张力增加，精神错乱 睡吧。 我们建议在美国军事学院进行这项研究 (USMA)。USMA为研究这些问题提供了一个独特的机会，因为 在一个高度受控和统一的环境中，集中提供 并记录健康护理，高频率受伤，有能力 通过每个学员的终端直接收集自我报告数据 办公桌，以及军方对伤害预防的浓厚兴趣。我们 我还建议在华盛顿大学进行这项研究的一个方面 佛罗里达(美国佛罗里达州)使用大学橄榄球运动员作为对照组。 拟议项目的设计包括四个部分：1)预期 两个时期的压力源和背景特征的研究： 在进入USMA后和大二开始时，以及 接下来的学期的伤害；2)伤害的病例对照研究 与未受伤学员的运动接触情况相匹配的学员；3)未来 每日测量的感知压力和对压力的反应的研究 每学期在USMA为期三周的基础上；和4) 老年人应激源及背景特征的前瞻性研究 UF1运动员和1994足球赛季的伤病。 如果我们能够证明压力和压力之间的明确关系 伤害，描述风险最大的时间段，确定机制 将压力与伤害联系起来，识别风险最高的人，并 表明这些发现在几个环境中是可复制的，我们可以 对伤害过程和伤害的知识做出重大贡献 减少因体育活动而导致的发病率。

The purpose of the proposed study is to: 1) advance understanding about the relationship between stress, coping and athletic injuries, and 2) identify subsets of individuals at increased risk of injury because of psychosocial characteristics which interfere with optimal and safe performance. We aim to assess whether: 1) stressors exert their influence over long or relatively short periods of time, 2) the appraisal of sports related events as stressful is more salient that other types of events, 3) the stress-injury relationship is moderated by different coping strategies, sensation seeking, varying emotional response to the appraisal of stressful situations, social support, 4) injured cadets are more likely than uninjured to experience high competitive anxiety, disrupted concentration and attention, increased muscle tension and disruption of sleep. We propose to carry out this study at the United States Military Academy (USMA). USMA offers a unique opportunity to study these issues because of a highly controlled and uniform environment, the centralized provision and recording of health care, a high frequency of injuries, the ability to collect self-report data directly through terminals at each cadet's desk, and the deep interest the military has in injury prevention. We also propose to carry out one aspect of this study at the University of Florida (U.FL) utilizing varsity football players as a comparison group. The design of the proposed project has four components: 1) a prospective study of stressors and background characteristics in two periods of time: upon entry to USMA, and at the beginning of the sophomore year, and injuries in the subsequent semesters; 2) a case-control study of injured cadets matched on athletic exposure to uninjured cadets; 3) a prospective study of perceived stress and response to stress measured on a daily basis over one three week period of time each semester at USMA; and 4) a prospective study of stressors and background characteristics of the U.F1 athletes and injuries in the 1994 football season. If we are able to demonstrate a clear relationship between stress and injuries, delineate time periods of greatest risk, identify mechanisms that link stress to injuries, identify individuals at highest risk and indicate that the findings are replicable in several settings, we could make a substantial contribution to knowledge about the injury process and to reducing morbidity from athletic activities.