INTRINSIC AND NETWORK PROPERTIES OF LOCAL INTERNEURONS

脑运动学研究哺乳动物大脑中感觉运动处理的学科， 的节肢动物表明，类似的问题，找到可比的计算 解决方案传感器数据的拓扑映射和并行处理， 例如，我们发现应用于视觉的两个基本原则 猴子的躯体感觉系统以及昆虫的躯体感觉系统。的 “Simplier”中神经电路设计与信息处理的研究 神经系统，以其实际优势，因此可以直接 与我们对高等动物大脑功能的理解有关。 复杂的感觉-运动网络完成的操作依赖于 几个相互关联的因素，如（一）其内在属性 组成神经元，（ii）它们之间的突触通讯，和（iii） 它们所形成的电路的结构。了解其中的关键 因此，运营需要对投入产出的精确理解 在这些层面上实现的转型。如果我们现在知道细节， 昆虫中调节腿反射的局部回路的结构， 相比之下，我们对宇宙的内在性质知之甚少。 形成这些回路的各种类型的中间神经元。特别是 为什么尖峰介导和分级通信内和之间 神经元是否应该平行存在尚不清楚。生理和 超微结构数据都支持这样的想法，即这些操作 两种类型的中间神经元执行可能是根本不同的。我们因此 我希望研究非尖峰局部中间神经元的膜特性 以及它们的输入和输出突触处的传递，以测试 假设某些局部回路神经元可以作为几个， 可能是独立的，一体化的单位。内在细胞的研究 然而，属性也将被置于功能上下文中。我们希望 考虑局部神经元的局部反射作用 调解，在中央产生的电机输出。胸部局部 到目前为止，人们认为神经回路存在于警觉但不活跃的动物中，因此， 运动过程中各种中间神经元的功能和作用 例如，完全未知。最近， 已经获得了感觉信息流的基础电路， 然而，现在允许我们解决中央的具体问题， 局部反射机制的控制。

The study of sensory-motor processing in the brain of mammals and in that of arthropods shows that similar problems find comparable computational solutions. Topological mapping of sensory data and parallel processing, for example, are two basic principles which we find applied in the visual system of monkeys as well as in the somatosensory system of insects. The study of neural circuit design and information processing in "simpler" nervous systems, with its practical advantages can thus be directly relevant to our understanding of brain function in higher animals. The operations accomplished by complex sensory-motor networks depend on several interrelated factors, such as (i) the intrinsic properties of their component neurones, (ii) the synaptic communication between them, and (iii) the configuration of the circuits they form. Understanding the key of these operations thus requires a precise understanding of the input-output transformation achieved at each of these levels. If we now know in detail, the configuration of the local circuits mediating leg reflexes in insects, we know very little, by contrast, of the intrinsic properties of the various classes of interneurones forming these circuits. In particular, the reason why both spike-mediated and graded communication within and between neurones should exist in parallel remains unclear. Physiological and ultrastructural data both support the idea that the operations which these two types of interneurone perform may be fundamentally different. We thus wish to study the membrane properties of the nonspiking local interneurones together with the transfer at their input and output synapses, to test the hypothesis that some local circuit neurones may operate as several, possibly independent, integrative units. The study of intrinsic cellular properties will, however, also be placed in a functional context. We wish to consider the operation of the local interneurones for local reflex mediation, during a centrally generated motor output. The thoracic local circuits have so far been considered in alert but inactive animals, so that the function and role played by the various interneurones during locomotion for example, are totally unknown. The detailed knowledge that has recently been obtained of the circuits underlying the flow of sensory information, however, now allows us to tackle the specific problem of the central control of local reflex mechanisms.