SIGNALS TO FEED: BIOLOGICAL AND ASSOCIATIVE MECHANISMS

描述（改编自申请人摘要）：这是一份提案， 整合了心理生物学和动物学的方法和概念 学习利用研究人员开发的制剂， 能够测定影响食物的操作的提示特性 以确定这些操作提供的信息 关于内部状态 这些范例包括训练老鼠 使用食物剥夺的感官后果，将评估程度 代谢和荷尔蒙控制提供的内部线索 有刺激的后果，就像那些由不同水平的 食物匮乏 实验提出，评估迷走神经传入的作用， 大鼠检测或利用能量状态信号的能力， 消化道与边缘系统结构在能量状态加工中的作用 信息.在其他实验中，PI建议研究 他提出的关于能量状态线索实际运作方式的模型 控制食物摄入量 这个模型表明这些信号 通过调节进食的容易程度， 当饥饿信号消失时，食物线索会被激活。 这些后者 实验代表了该提案的主要部分，并取决于 第一节实验的结果和技术。 具体地说，这些实验利用了比较技术， 接受一级或二级条件反射的动物的行为 并说明影响食物摄入的操作如何改变表现 一阶或二阶条件线索。 这些背后的想法 实验的一个重要结论是， 食物摄入量应该影响线索引出第一顺序的能力 条件反应而不是二阶条件反应。 接下来的一系列实验探讨了脂肪和 碳水化合物引起了不同的美国代表性， 基质调解这些不同。 这些实验取决于 在训练老鼠做出不同反应的范例中， 接受高脂肪或高碳水化合物的强化。 的 脂质体或葡萄糖缺乏对 然后将评估两个答复。 随后的实验中， 部分评估迷走神经通路和海马结构在 调解这些反应。 在最后一系列的实验中，海马体的直接作用， 调节摄食对饮食、激素和代谢的反应 将对挑战进行评估。 这些信息将提供一个背景 为了解释在各种不同的条件下的损伤实验， 范例

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from applicant's abstract): This is a proposal that integrates methods and concepts from both psychobiology and animal learning to exploit preparations developed by the investigator that are capable of assaying the cue properties of manipulation which effect food intake to determine the information that these manipulations provide about internal state. These paradigms, which involve training rats to use the sensory consequence of food deprivation, will assess the degree to which internal cues provided by metabolic and hormonal manipulation have stimulus consequences like those produced by different levels of food deprivation. Experiments are proposed that assess the role of vagal afferents in the ability of rats to detect or utilize energy state signals arising in the gut and the role of limbic structure in the processing of energy state information. In additional experiments the PI proposes to investigate a model that he has proposed of how energy state cues actually function to control food intake. This model suggests that these signals contribute to the control of feeding by modulating how easy it is for food cues to activate when hunger signals are absent. These latter experiments represent the major portion of the proposal and depend upon the results and techniques from the experiments in Section 1. Specifically, these experiments utilize the technique of comparing behavior of animals who have received first or second order conditioning and address how manipulations that effect food intake alter performance to first or second order conditioned cues. The idea behind these experiments is that manipulations which have physiological effects on food intake should affect the ability of a cue to elicit first order conditioned responses but not second order conditioned responses. The next series of experiments addresses the issue of whether fats and carbohydrates give rise to distinct US representation and whether the substrates for the mediation of these differ. These experiments depend upon paradigm in which rats are trained to perform different responses to receive either a high fat or a high carbohydrate reinforcement. The ability of lipoprivation or glucoprivation to differentially effect the two responses will then be assessed. Subsequent experiments in this section assess the role of vagal pathways and hippocampal structures in the mediation of these responses. In the final series of experiments the direct role of the hippocampus in the mediation of feeding responses to dietary, hormonal, and metabolic challenges will be assessed. This information will provide a background for the interpretation of the lesioning experiment under the various paradigms.