The development of simple, rapid and cost effective test kits and their integration with smartphone technology for monitoring occupational and environmental exposure to the isocyanates – a group of common occupational chemicals and environmental pollutant

异氰酸酯是一种广泛存在的化学品，已知对健康有不利影响。异氰酸酯用于商业和消费应用。异氰酸酯暴露的主要影响是职业性哮喘和肺病。有些异氰酸酯是致癌的。建筑行业的研究表明，高达57%的喷雾泡沫工人暴露于异氰酸酯的影响下。在使用异氰酸酯的制造商附近居住的居民中发现了环境暴露。案例研究将显示异氰酸盐暴露症状的家庭与家庭绝缘联系起来。其他研究表明，医疗器械中存在异氰酸酯，新生儿暴露于异氰酸酯。需要简单、快速和具有成本效益的检测方法来监测人类接触。暴露于异氰酸酯可以通过快速发展的生物监测学科来确定-测量暴露个体体内（例如血液和尿液）的化学物质或代谢物（生物标志物）。然而，目前可用的最好的生物监测方法需要在分析之前进行复杂的检查，仅限于拥有复杂分析设备的大型实验室，需要熟练的技术操作员，不是常规可用的，提供缓慢的周转时间并且昂贵。抗体技术允许开发简单，快速和具有成本效益的免疫分析。异氰酸酯生物标志物抗体的生产将使Biomark能够开发新的异氰酸酯生物监测测试。以ELISA格式提供的免疫分析将允许实验室分析大量样本并提供常规测试服务。护理点测试的开发将使现场使用和实时监测成为可能。与智能手机技术的集成将允许数据捕获、数据处理和测试支持。为雇主提供即时确认的良好工作规范，并在工作中保证那些涉及危险任务的人。

Isocyanates are widespread chemicals with known adverse health effects. Isocyanates areemployed in commercial and consumer applications. The main effects of isocyanate exposureare occupational asthma and lung disease. Some isocyanates are carcinogenic.Studies in the construction industry show up to 57% of spray foam workers demonstrate theeffects of isocyanate exposure. Environmental exposure has been detected in residents livingclose to manufacturers employing isocyanates. Case studies associate families displayingsymptoms of isocyanate exposure with home insulation. Other studies have shown thepresence of isocyanates in medical devices and the exposure of neonatal infants toisocyanates. There is a need for simple, rapid and cost-effective tests for monitoring humanexposure.Exposure to isocyanates can be determined by the rapidly growing discipline of biomonitoring– the measurement of the chemical or a metabolite (biomarker) in the body (e.g. blood andurine) of an exposed individual. However, the best, currently available biomonitoringmethods, require a complicated work-up prior to analysis, are restricted to larger laboratorieswith sophisticated analytical equipment, need skilled technical operators, are not routinelyavailable, provide slow turnaround times and are expensive.Antibody technology allows the development of simple, rapid and cost-effectiveimmunoassays. The production of antibodies to isocyanate biomarkers will enable Biomark todevelop new isocyanate biomonitoring tests. Immunoassays provided in ELISA format willallow the laboratory analysis of large sample numbers and the provision of routine testservices. The development of point of care tests will enable on-site use and real timemonitoring. Integration with smartphone technology will allow data capture, data handlingand test support. Providing employers with immediate confirmation of good working practiceand on the job reassurance to those involved in hazardous tasks.