TRANSITION INTO EARLY ADOLESCENCE--TWIN/ADOPTION STUDY

目前对个体差异的病因知之甚少。 青春期早期。本提案的目的是完成 科罗拉多州领养和非领养儿童的评估 收养项目(CAP)，年龄分别为9岁、10岁、11岁和12岁 各种措施，包括调整、个性、一般和 特定的认知能力、社会态度、身体发育和 其他变数。这些孩子以前都接受过评估。 1、2、3、4和7在履约协助方案的其他组成部分中，并且正在或将是 在13至16岁的另一个组件中进行测试。数字 对9至12岁的CAP受试者进行的CAP测试 在拟议的延续期间，将有327人，使总数达到 2528次会议。这种延续的一个新特点是包含了 在之前接受过CAP测试的第一对400对双胞胎中 在1、2、3、4、5和7岁时作为联合收养的一部分进行测量， 兄弟姐妹和双胞胎发育研究。我们将这个双胞胎样本称为 科罗拉多州双胞胎研究(CTS)，将进行2388次测试 这些科目在拟议的延续期间，会带来双胞胎考试 到2456。这两个可比样本的组合 大大加强了推理的范围和力量 这项研究中的发育过程。每种方法的优点 对遗传和环境病因学的结合和局限性 每一种不同的方法都在这个基因整合中被克服 信息丰富的设计。 由于独特的前瞻性，纵向设计既有 领养和双胞胎研究，他们的规模和代表性 样本，低流失率，以及在收养的情况下 研究表明，没有选择性安置，以及 在这两项研究中使用了许多相同的测量方法，以及它们的全部 在4岁和7岁时进行集成，这种继续提供了 建立真正具有里程碑意义的发展研究的机会 个体差异的遗传和环境病因 青春期早期。考虑到在上一年对履约协助方案的投资 二十年来，过去十年对CTS的投资，以及 可供收养的新生儿数量下降，一项关于 这种范围和规模不太可能再发生了。它是, 因此，对我们的研究工作至关重要的是利用这一点 独一无二的机会。

Little is known about the etiology of individual differences during early adolescence. The purpose of the present proposal is to complete the evaluation of adopted and non-adopted children in the Colorado Adoption Project (CAP) at ages 9, 10, 11 and 12 years of age, on a variety of measures including adjustment, personality, general and specific cognitive abilities, social attitudes, physical growth and other variables. These children have been evaluated previously at ages 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 in other components of the CAP and are, or will be tested at 13 through 16 years of age in another component. The number of CAP test sessions conducted with CAP subjects at ages 9 through 12 during the proposed continuation will be 327, bringing the total to 2,528 sessions. A novel feature of this continuation is the inclusion of the first 400 pairs of twins who have been tested previously on CAP measures at ages 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 as part of a combined adoption, sibling and twin study of development. We refer to this twin sample as the Colorado Twin Study (CTS) and will conduct 2,388 test sessions with these subjects during the proposed continuation, bring total twin tests to 2,456. The combination of these two comparable samples of subjects greatly strengthens the scope and power of inference regarding developmental processes in this study. The strengths of each approach to genetic and environmental etiology are combined and the limitations of each separate approach are overcome in this integrated genetically informative design. Because of the unique prospective, longitudinal design of both the adoption and twin study, the size and representativeness of their samples, the low rates of attrition, and, in the case of the adoption study, the demonstrated absence of selective placement, together with the use of many of the same measures in the two studies, and their full integrations at ages 4 and 7 years, this continuation provides the opportunity of establishing a truly landmark developmental study of the genetic and environmental etiology of individual differences during early adolescence. Given the investment in the CAP during the previous two decades, the investment in the CTS during the past decade, and the decline in the numbers of newborns available for adoption, a study of this scope and magnitude is unlikely ever to be undertaken again. It is, therefore, crucial to our research endeavor to take advantage of this unique opportunity.