HIV RISK REDUCTION FOR WOMEN IN DRUG TREATMENT

描述：(申请人摘要) 接受药物治疗的女性感染艾滋病毒的风险很高，因为 高危性活动和高危性环境往往与 获得和消费毒品；药物使用；生理脆弱性 性传播疾病和艾滋病毒；以及社会、文化和经济 妨碍实施自我保护行为的障碍。这 应用建议比较(1)行为技能训练(BST) 基于社会认知理论的HIV风险降低干预研究(2)和 基于动机增强(ME)和 性别与权力理论；和(3)控制教育项目 生殖健康(RH)；150名妇女将接受药物治疗 针对每种情况招聘，并将在12个月内进行评估 出院后随访期。假设是这两种干预措施 与控制条件相比，将(1)增加关于 艾滋病毒/艾滋病、自我效能感、对避孕套的态度和对社会的看法 支持预防行为；(2)减少感知到的障碍 使用避孕套；(3)提供更多的避孕套兑换券；(4) 增加有安全套保护的性交场合的比例 和降低无保护性行为的比率；和(5)减少 使用注射毒品的女性共用针头。英国夏令时的干预 与ME干预和RH控制相比，将有所改善 评估安全性行为谈判和高风险拒绝方面的社会能力 通过角色扮演模拟。ME干预与BST的比较 而RH的控制，会增加自我效能感，对避孕套的使用态度 对预防性行为的社会支持知觉；(2)减少 安全套使用的明显障碍；(3)产生更多的避孕套交换 兑换券；(4)提高性交次数比例 避孕套保护和降低无保护性行为的比率 活动；以及(5)降低出院后药物再涉及率。 通过实验评估两种理论驱动的艾滋病毒风险降低 干预措施并将两者与控制时间的条件进行比较， 在药物治疗中的历史、注意力和影响，这项研究 将尝试确定对妇女的实际预防干预措施 药物治疗后12个月评估维持和推广 出院。

DESCRIPTION: (Applicant's Abstract) Women in drug treatment are at high risk for HIV-infection because of high risk sexual activities and high risk sexual contexts often related to obtaining and consuming drugs; drug use; physiological vulnerability to sexually transmitted diseases and HIV; and social, cultural, and economic barriers which interfere with implementing self-protective behavior. This application proposes to compare (1) a Behavior Skills Training (BST) HIV-risk reduction intervention based on Social Cognitive Theory (2) an HIV-risk reduction intervention based on Motivational Enhancement (ME) and the Theory of Gender and Power; and (3) a control educational program in reproductive health (RH); One hundred fifty women in drug treatment will be recruited for each condition and will be evaluated during a 12 month follow-up period after discharge. Hypotheses are that both interventions compared to the control condition will (1) increase knowledge about HIV/AIDS, self-efficacy, attitudes toward condoms, and perceptions of social support for precautionary behavior; (2) decrease perceived barriers to condom use; (3) produce greater exchanges of condom redemption coupons; (4) increase the proportion of intercourse occasions which are condom-protected and decrease rates of unprotected sexual activity; and (5) decrease rates of needle-sharing among women who use injecting drugs. The BST intervention when compared with the ME intervention and the RH control, will improve social competency in safer sex negotiation and high risk refusal assessed through role play simulations. The ME intervention when compared with BST and the RH control, will increase self-efficacy, attitudes toward condom use perceptions of social support for precautionary behavior; (2) decrease perceived barriers to condom use; (3) produce greater exchanges of condom redemption coupons; (4) increase the proportion of intercourse occasions which are condom-protected and decrease rates of unprotected sexual activity; and (5) reduce rates of drug reinvolvement following discharge. By experimentally evaluating two theoretically driven HIV-risk reduction interventions and comparing both to a condition which controls for time, history, attention, and the effects of being in drug treatment, this study will attempt to identify a practical prevention intervention for women in drug treatment and assess maintenance and generalization for 12 months after discharge.