HIV, Drugs, and Prisoners: Barriers to Epidemiologic and Intervention Research

艾滋病毒、毒品和囚犯：流行病学和干预研究的障碍

• 批准号: 8055901
• 负责人: GLORIA D ELDRIDGE
• 金额: $ 57.3万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA ANCHORAGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-07-01 至 2014-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8055901
• 关键词: AIDS/HIV problem; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Address; Administrator; Adverse event; Advocacy; Advocate; Affect; Alaska; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Awareness; Beneficence; Benefits and Risks; California; Certificate of Confidentiality; Child; Coercion; Confidentiality; Consent; Criminology; Data; Decision Making; Discipline; Disease; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Drug user; Ensure; Environment; Epidemiologic Studies; Equilibrium; Ethical Issues; Ethical Theory; Ethicists; Ethics; Fetus; Financial compensation; Forensic Medicine; Foundations; Freedom; General Population; Goals; Growth; HIV; Health Services Accessibility; Human; Human Resources; Impairment; Imprisonment; Incentives; Individual; Informed Consent; Institutional Review Boards; Intervention Studies; Interview; Jail; Justice; Knowledge; Laws; Lead; Literature; Medical; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Methodology; Minority; Participant; Perception; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phase; Policies; Population; Population Research; Pregnant Women; Prisoner; Prisons; Process; Psychiatry; Psychology; Public Health; Published Comment; Publishing; Qualitative Research; Recording of previous events; Research; Research Activity; Research Ethics; Research Infrastructure; Research Personnel; Rights; Risk; Role; Sampling; Schizophrenia; Security; Sexual Partners; Solutions; Specific qualifier value; Stigmata; Substance abuse problem; Surveys; Testing; Time; Training; Triad Acrylic Resin; United States Department of Veterans Affairs; United States Indian Health Service; Universities; University Hospitals; Virginia; Vulnerable Populations; Wisconsin; advocacy organizations; correctional system; design; evidence base; experience; human subject protection; improved; informant; medical schools; member; men who have sex with men; multidisciplinary; neonate; programs; seal; social stigma; undue influence

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Research ethics and federal laws about human subject protections have evolved to protect research participants in general, and vulnerable groups in particular. According to federal law, vulnerable groups include pregnant women, fetuses and neonates, prisoners, and children; according to ethicists, vulnerable groups also include individuals who suffer from impairment due to substance abuse, mental illness, stigmatized medical illness (e.g., HIV/AIDS), and other debilitating disorders. One particularly vulnerable group of research participants is imprisoned drug users with or at risk for HIV/AIDS. This triad of vulnerability (i.e., coexistence of drug use, imprisonment, and HIV+ status) has been carefully documented in the literature: 80-90% of US prisoners have drug abuse histories and AIDS rates are three times greater in prisoners than in the general population. Research with prisoners, especially those with added vulnerabilities of substance use and/or HIV/AIDS, poses ethical challenges and responsibilities beyond those required for research with less vulnerable populations. Despite the growth in and urgent need for HIV/AIDS research in correctional settings, there have been no empirical studies of the interpretation and application of ethical principles and regulatory safeguards by researchers and IRBs involved in HIV/AIDS prison research. This proposal focuses on 1) how researchers and IRB members interpret and apply ethical principles of autonomy, justice, and beneficence in HIV/AIDS research with prisoners; 2) how researchers and IRB members interpret and apply regulatory safeguards for HIV/AIDS research with prisoners; 3) ways in which policies and structural environments of correctional systems (including prisons and jails) create ethical challenges that must be addressed by HIV/AIDS researchers and IRBs; and 4) ways in which ethical safeguards and oversight affect the growth of HIV/AIDS research with prisoners. This project will use sequential qualitative and quantitative phases to examine ethical challenges, responsibilities, and solutions regarding the conduct and oversight of HIV/AIDS research with prisoners, particularly prisoners with drug abuse histories. Phase 1 involves 75 key informant interviews with individuals who have conducted HIV/AIDS research with prisoners; IRB Chairs, members and prisoner advocates; and prison administrators. Phase 2 will use qualitative data from Phase 1 to construct and pilot-test a quantitative survey on ethical challenges and solutions. In Phase 3, the quantitative survey will be administered to a national sample of 2500 HIV/AIDS researchers and IRB members, IRB chairs, and IRB prisoner advocates. The project will result in increased understanding of the ethical challenges and solutions in HIV/AIDS research with prisoners, with the goal of reducing barriers to much needed epidemiologic and intervention research focused on HIV/AIDS and prisoners.

描述（由申请人提供）：有关人类主题保护的研究伦理和联邦法律已进化为保护研究参与者，尤其是弱势群体。根据联邦法律，弱势群体包括孕妇，胎儿和新生儿，囚犯和儿童；据伦理学家称，弱势群体还包括因滥用药物，精神疾病，污名化的医学疾病（例如艾滋病毒/艾滋病）和其他使人衰弱的疾病而受到损害的人。一组特别脆弱的研究参与者是被监禁的吸毒者，患有艾滋病毒/艾滋病的风险。在文献中已经仔细记录了这种脆弱性的三合会（即，毒品使用，监禁和艾滋病毒+地位）已被仔细记录：80-90％的美国囚犯患有毒品滥用病史，囚犯的艾滋病率是普通民众的三倍。与囚犯一起进行的研究，尤其是那些增加了药物使用和/或艾滋病毒/艾滋病脆弱性的囚犯的研究，构成了道德挑战和责任，超出了较脆弱人群的研究所需的责任。尽管在惩教环境中对艾滋病毒/艾滋病研究的迫切需求增长和迫切需要，但研究人员和IRB参与HIV/AIDS监狱研究的研究人员和IRB对道德原则和法规保障的解释和应用尚无实证研究。该提案的重点是1）研究人员和IRB成员如何在与囚犯的艾滋病毒/艾滋病研究中解释和运用自治，正义和福利的道德原则； 2）研究人员和IRB成员如何与囚犯一起对艾滋病毒/艾滋病研究进行监管保障； 3）惩教系统（包括监狱和监狱）的政策和结构环境提出道德挑战的方式，艾滋病毒/艾滋病研究人员和IRB必须解决这些挑战； 4）道德保障和监督影响囚犯艾滋病毒/艾滋病研究的增长的方式。该项目将使用依次的定性和定量阶段来研究有关与囚犯的艾滋病毒/艾滋病研究的行为和监督的道德挑战，责任和解决方案，尤其是犯有滥用毒品的囚犯。第1阶段涉及对与囚犯进行艾滋病毒/艾滋病研究的个人进行的75次关键知情人访谈； IRB椅子，成员和囚犯倡导者；和监狱管理员。第2阶段将使用第1阶段的定性数据来构建和实行有关道德挑战和解决方案的定量调查。在第3阶段，定量调查将对2500名艾滋病毒/艾滋病研究人员和IRB成员，IRB椅子和IRB囚犯倡导者的全国样本进行管理。该项目将使与囚犯的艾滋病毒/艾滋病研究中的道德挑战和解决方案有关，其目的是将迫切需要的流行病学和干预研究降低，重点是艾滋病毒/艾滋病和囚犯。

项目成果

HIV/AIDS Research in Correctional Settings: A Difficult Task Made Even Harder?

惩教机构中的艾滋病毒/艾滋病研究：一项艰巨的任务变得更加困难？

• DOI: 10.1177/1078345815572347
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Journal of correctional health care : the official journal of the National Commission on Correctional Health Care
• 作者: Johnson,MarkE;Kondo,KarliK;Brems,Christiane;Eldridge,GloriaD
• 通讯作者: Eldridge,GloriaD

HIV/AIDS research in correctional settings: perspectives on training needs from researchers and IRB members.

惩教机构中的艾滋病毒/艾滋病研究：研究人员和 IRB 成员对培训需求的看法。

• DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2014.26.6.565
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education
• 作者: Kondo,KarliK;Johnson,MarkE;Ironside,EricaF;Brems,Christiane;Eldridge,GloriaD
• 通讯作者: Eldridge,GloriaD

Knowledge of Federal Regulations for Mental Health Research Involving Prisoners.

• DOI: 10.1080/23294515.2014.995837
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: AJOB empirical bioethics
• 作者: Johnson ME;Brems C;Bergman AL;Mills ME;Eldridge GD
• 通讯作者: Eldridge GD

Key Stakeholders' Perceptions of Motivators for Research Participation Among Individuals Who Are Incarcerated.

• DOI: 10.1177/1556264615597500
• 发表时间: 2015-10
• 期刊: Journal of empirical research on human research ethics : JERHRE
• 作者: Hanson BL;Faulkner SA;Brems C;Corey SL;Eldridge GD;Johnson ME
• 通讯作者: Johnson ME

Conducting Ethical Research with Correctional Populations: Do Researchers and IRB Members Know the Federal Regulations?

对惩教人群进行伦理研究：研究人员和 IRB 成员了解联邦法规吗？

• DOI: 10.1177/1747016113494652
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Research ethics
• 影响因子: 1.7
• 作者: Johnson,MarkE;Brems,Christiane;Hanson,BridgetL;Corey,StaciL;Eldridge,GloriaD;Mitchell,Kristen
• 通讯作者: Mitchell,Kristen