PET CBF STUDY OF MEMORY COMPONENTS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

精神分裂症的学习和记忆缺陷的中心地位一直是 最近受到重视，但这些困难的确切机制是 不太了解。精神分裂症的记忆障碍一直是 归因于注意力问题，工作中的执行控制缺陷 记忆、快速遗忘和语义编码或检索问题 陈述性记忆工作记忆的组成部分（例如，存储器 时间顺序、空间定位、即时记忆广度）以及 声明性存储器（即，事实信息的长期记忆）将 在拟议的研究中进行调查，因为他们已经 分别与前额叶或中间颞神经系统相连， 反过来，是神经病理学的主要候选区域， 精神分裂症现有的时间近因测试（工作记忆）和 项目识别（陈述性记忆）将使用单词和面孔进行修改 允许比较差异性缺陷的刺激和用作激活 功能性神经影像学中的任务。这些任务将首先 给100名健康志愿者的标准样本，然后 用标准的神经心理学成套测试来评估社会人口统计学 30例正常对照组和30例精神分裂症患者 建立两个任务的信度和结构效度， 研究工作记忆或陈述性记忆的差异性缺陷如何 与患者样本中的临床病理学相关（特定目的 一个）。任务验证后，时间近因。项目识别，以及 标准基线条件将作为激活任务进行管理 （“神经行为探针”）在15氧（15 O）正电子发射期间 脑血流（CBF）的断层扫描（PET）测量，每组60例 正常对照组（男30例，女30例）。执行这些测试， 神经行为探针提供了一种将大脑功能与大脑 结构，检验工作记忆和陈述性记忆 前额叶和内侧颞叶区域介导的 并测试选择性区域激活是否与 更好的性能（具体目标二）。最后，相同的PET CBF研究 将对60名精神分裂症患者进行配对 (30男性，30名女性），以测试假设， 这两项任务都与弥漫性左半球过度激活有关， 时间近因任务的差异性缺陷与 精神分裂症特有的症状，以及项目的差异性缺陷 再认任务与积极的认知能力（特定目标）相关 3）。识别记忆的哪些组成部分受到不同程度的损害， 精神分裂症，以及这些损伤如何与大脑功能有关， 临床症状具有告知认知的潜在临床益处 恢复战略和指导发展区域具体的 神经抑制剂

The centrality of learning and memory deficits in schizophrenia has been recently appreciated, but the exact mechanism of these difficulties is poorly understood. Memory impairments in schizophrenia have been attributed to attentional problems, executive control deficits in working memory, rapid forgetting, and problems in semantic encoding or retrieval of declarative memory. Components of working memory (e.g., memory for temporal order, spatial localization, immediate memory span) and declarative memory (i.e., long-term memory for factual information) will be investigated in the proposed research because they have been respectively linked to prefrontal or mesial temporal neural systems which, in turn, are leading candidates as regions of neuropathology in schizophrenia. Existing tests of Temporal Recency (working memory) and Item Recognition (declarative memory) will be modified using word and face stimuli to allow comparison of differential deficit and use as activation tasks during functional neuroimaging. These tasks will first be administered to a normative sample of 100 healthy volunteers, and then given with a standard neuropsychological battery to socio-demographically matched samples of 30 normal controls and 30 patients with schizophrenia to establish the reliability and construct validity of the two tasks, and to examine how differential deficits in working or declarative memory may be related to clinical symptomatology in the patient sample (specific aim one). After task validation, Temporal Recency. Item Recognition, and standard baseline conditions will be administered as activation tasks ("neurobehavioral probes") during 15 Oxygen (15O) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) measures of Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF) to a group of 60 normal controls (30 men, 30 women). Administering these tests as neurobehavioral probes provides a means to link brain function with brain structure, test the hypothesis that working and declarative memory components are mediated by prefrontal and mesial temporal regions respectively, and test if selective regional activation is correlated with better performance (specific aim two). Finally, the same PET CBF studies will be performed with a matched group of 60 patients with schizophrenia (30 men, 30 women) to test hypotheses that impaired task performance on both tasks is related to diffuse left-hemisphere over-activation, and that differential deficit on temporal recency tasks is related to severity of symptoms specific to schizophrenia, and differential deficit on item recognition tasks is correlated with positive symptomatology (specific aim 3). Identifying which components of memory are differentially impaired in schizophrenia, and how these impairments are related to brain function and clinical symptoms has potential clinical benefit of informing cognitive rehabilitation strategies and guiding development of regionally specific neuroleptic medications.