PHOTOPERIODIC CONTROL OF OBESITY

描述：肥胖是一种疾病，从字面上和比喻上巨大的 比例。 我们选择了一个自然发生的肥胖模型-- 光周期诱导的季节性肥胖的西伯利亚仓鼠（Photopus sungorus sungorus）。 西伯利亚仓鼠是自然肥胖时， 在漫长的“夏季”天（LD）和失去体重，几乎完全 当暴露在短暂的“冬天般”的日子里， 经过长时间 SD暴露和/或随着日照长度、体重和脂质质量的增加 增加到他们以前的肥胖LD水平。 因此，肥胖是 可逆的 提出了三个具体目标（SA），每个目标由 一系列实验。1.交感神经的功能作用是什么 神经系统（SNS）在光周期诱导的差异减少 在白色脂肪组织（WAT）质量和什么是它的中枢神经系统神经解剖 基质？ 我们以前已经证明，一个相对独立的 WAT垫存在直接SNS神经支配。 实验设计 为了进一步测试与SNS相关的独立神经学， WAT的神经支配和这种神经支配的功能。 所以我们 我将回答以下问题：1）SD是否能诱导体脂减少 发生独立的SNS神经支配的WAT？ （2）是否 相对独立的SNS神经支配的WAT汇聚在中枢神经系统？SA 2： 什么是WAT的感觉神经支配的程度，它是什么？ 在光周期引起的身体脂肪变化中的作用？ 我们有 扩展了WAT感觉神经支配的初步观察， 实验室老鼠到西伯利亚仓鼠。 在这两项研究中，只有 测试皮下WAT的感觉神经支配。 另外我们 我不知道这些神经元的神经递质表型，也不知道它们的 功能 因此，我们将回答以下问题：1）什么是 WAT的感觉神经支配的范围和 神经递质表型的感觉神经元支配这个 纸巾？ 2)感觉神经支配的功能作用是什么？ WAT在SD引起的体脂减少中的作用？以及3）SNS驱动器 感觉神经切断后组织上的细胞数量增加了吗SA 3：什么是 神经对全身脂肪调节的贡献 我们已经表明 体内总脂肪似乎是根据以下结果来调节的 西伯利亚仓鼠的脂肪切除实验;然而，我们不知道 这一规定背后的机制。 因此，我们将回答 以下问题：1）SNS驱动器是否位于显示 脂肪切除术后脂肪垫质量的代偿性增加减少？ 2)WAT的SNS神经支配在WAT的调节中的作用是什么？ 脂肪切除术后的全身脂肪（3）什么是角色 WAT的感觉神经支配在全身脂肪调节中的作用 切除脂肪的仓鼠 这些实验的结果应该提供 关于WAT神经支配重要性的新信息， 调节全身脂肪和在光周期控制 身体脂肪的季节性循环 此外，洞察基本的 发展、维持和逆转的过程 肥胖也会发生。

DESCRIPTION: Obesity is a disease of literally and figuratively enormous proportions. We have chosen a model of naturally occurring obesity-- photoperiod-induced seasonal obesity in Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus sungorus). Siberian hamsters are naturally obese when housed in long "summer- like" days (LDs) and lose body mass, nearly exclusively as body fat, when exposed to short, "winter-like" days. After prolonged SD exposure and/or with increasing daylengths, body and lipid mass increase to their previous obese LD levels. Thus, the obesity is reversible. Three Specific Aims (SA) are proposed, each represented by a set of experiments. 1: What is the functional role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in the photoperiod-induced differential decrease in white adipose tissue (WAT) mass and what is its CNS neuroanatomical substrate? We have demonstrated previously that a relatively separate direct SNS innervation exists for WAT pads. Experiments are designed to test further the separate neurologies associated with the SNS innervation of WAT and the function of this innervation. Therefore, we will answer the questions: 1) Can the SD-induced decreases in body fat occur independently of the SNS innervation of WAT? and 2) Does the relatively separate SNS innervation of WAT converge in the CNS? SA 2: What is the extent of the sensory innervation of WAT and what is its function in the photoperiod-induced changes in body fat? We have extended the initial observation of sensory innervation of WAT in laboratory rats to Siberian hamsters. However, in both studies, only subcutaneous WAT was tested for sensory innervation. In addition, we do not know the neurotransmitter phenotypes of these neurons, nor their function. Therefore, we will answer the questions: 1) What is the extent of the sensory innervation of WAT and what are the neurotransmitter phenotypes of the sensory neurons innervating this tissue? 2) What is the functional role of the sensory innervation of WAT in the SD-induced decreases in body fat? and 3) Is the SNS drive on the tissue increased following sensory denervation? SA 3: What are the neural contributions to total body fat regulation? We have shown that total body fat appears to be regulated based on the results of lipectomy experiments in Siberian hamsters; however, we do not know the mechanism underlying this regulation. Therefore, we will answer the following questions: 1) Is the SNS drive on the fat pads that show compensatory increases in fat pad mass decreased following lipectomy? 2) What is the role of the SNS innervation of WAT in the regulation of total body fat following lipectomy? and 3) What is the role of the sensory innervation of WAT in the regulation of total body fat by lipectomized hamsters? The results of these experiments should provide new information about the importance of the neural innervation of WAT, the regulation of total body fat and in the photoperiodic control of seasonal body fat cycles. In addition, insight into the fundamental processes involved in the development, maintenance and reversal of obesity also should occur.