NEIGHBORHOOD, PARENTING, AND EARLY MALE CONDUCT PROBLEMS

描述(改编自申请者的摘要)：融入社区 发展性研究的背景可能对 反社会行为的研究。社会学家发现，青少年 犯罪往往集中在城市地区，其特点是普遍存在 贫困(即下层社区)。然而，很少有研究表明， 致力于了解社区对发展的影响 个别儿童和青少年的反社会行为，特别是 年幼的孩子。 在拟议的研究中，邻里关系对行为风险问题的影响 来自低收入家庭的284名男孩将接受纵向检查， 从1岁到6岁，到控制家庭层面的社会人口和 心理功能特征，这可能解释了 家庭迁入的社区类型以及行为风险 有问题。这一设计将允许测试邻里效应 通过检验儿童行为的变化作为以下因素的函数进行准实验 社区的变化。家庭社会人口学问卷测量 特征，父母犯罪行为，母亲抑郁症状，以及 将使用儿童品行问题，以及观察性和 母亲养育方式的问卷测量。邻里关系将为 使用人口普查数据、补贴住房位置和官方利率进行评估 根据人口普查区域的犯罪率。 假设家庭贫困、社会保障水平低、单亲家庭 结构，父母犯罪的历史，以及母亲的存在 抑郁症状会增加患抑郁症的几率 搬进下层社区。预计住在 下层社区将预示着行为问题的上升 在5岁和6岁的男孩中，控制重要的家庭层面 选择因素和以前的孩子行为。母性育儿 以严格的、非敌对的控制为特征的(即使是限制性的)可能 作为居住在这些社区的男孩的保护因素，通过 减少他们受到反社会影响的机会。这方面的证据 假说将与另一种模型进行对比，后者假定 下层社区环境是父母养育质量的破坏者。这 研究可能会对预防的发展产生重要影响 以及旨在促进适应性育儿做法的干预努力 在生活在不同社区环境中的家庭中。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from applicant's abstract): Incorporating neighborhood context into developmental research may be particularly critical for the study of antisocial behavior. Sociologists have discovered that juvenile crime tends to be clustered in urban areas characterized by widespread poverty (i.e., underclass neighborhoods). However, little research has been devoted to understanding neighborhood effects on the development of antisocial behavior among individual children and adolescents, particularly young children. In the proposed study, neighborhood influences on risk of conduct problems among 284 boys from low-income families will be examined longitudinally, from ages 1 to 6, to control for family-level socio-demographic and psychological functioning characteristics that might account for both the type of neighborhood to which families move as well as risk of conduct problems. This design will permit neighborhood effects to be tested quasi-experimentally by examining changes in child behavior as a function of changes in neighborhood. Questionnaire measures of family socio-demographic characteristics, parental criminality, maternal depressive symptoms, and child conduct problems will be employed, as well as both observational and questionnaire measures of maternal parenting. Neighborhood context will be assessed using census data, subsidized housing locations, and official rates of crime by census tract. It is hypothesized that family poverty, low-SES, single-parent family structure, history of parental criminality, and the presence of maternal depressive symptoms will be associated with an increased probability of moving into underclass neighborhoods. It is expected that living in underclass neighborhoods will be predictive of elevated conduct problems among 5- and 6-year-old boys, controlling for significant family-level selection factors and previous child behavior. Maternal parenting characterized by tight, non-hostile control (even if restrictive) might serve as a protective factor for boys living in these neighborhoods by decreasing their exposure to antisocial influences. Evidence for this hypothesis will be contrasted with an alternative model that posits underclass neighborhood context as a disrupter of parenting quality. This research may have important implications for the development of prevention and intervention efforts aimed at promoting adaptive parenting practices among families living in diverse neighborhood contexts.