IMPACT OF NEGATIVE SOCIAL ENCHANGES IN LATER LIFE

描述：近年来积累的证据表明， 老年人与社会成员的消极社会交往 网络对幸福感的影响可能比积极的影响更大 与网络成员交流。 尽管越来越多的证据表明， 消极的交换大大减损了福祉，相对而言， 对影响老年人健康的因素知之甚少。 易受这种交流的影响。 拟议的研究项目寻求 为了弥补这一知识差距， 脆弱性的各个方面：暴露和反应。 具体目标 （1）比较积极与消极的流行率和影响 社会交流，使用旨在产生 全面和最大限度地比较这两种措施， （2）探讨社会网络在社会交往中的作用 特性， 压力性生活事件和个体差异作为老年人的预测因素 （3）调查成人对消极社会交换的暴露程度; 社会网络特征的作用，以及个体差异 预测老年人对消极社会交流的反应。 为了实现这些目标，研究人员将进行纵向调查， 对875名非机构化， 认知功能正常的老年人 研究参与者将 每六个月进行一次面谈，面谈在 基线和随后的电话访谈分别在6，12，18， 24和30个月。 采访将获得有关以下方面的详细信息： 参与者的人口统计学特征，积极和消极的 社会交流、压力性生活事件和情绪健康。 这 多波研究设计将使我们能够研究 老年人的积极和消极的社会网络交易之前， 以及发生压力性生活事件后。

DESCRIPTION: Evidence has accumulated in recent years indicating that older adults' negative social exchanges with members of their social networks may be more consequential for well-being than positive exchanges with network members. Despite the mounting evidence that such negative exchanges detract substantially from well-being, relatively little is known about the factors that influence older adults' vulnerability to such exchanges. The proposed research project seeks to address this gap in knowledge by examining two complementary dimensions of vulnerability: exposure and reactivity. The specific aims are: (1) To compare the prevalence and impact of positive vs. negative social exchanges, using an assessment strategy designed to produce comprehensive and maximally comparable measures of these two kinds of exchanges; (2) To investigate the role of social network characteristics, stressful life events, and individual differences as predictors of older adults' exposure to negative social exchanges; (3) To investigate the role of social network characteristics, and individual differences as predictors of older adults' reactivity to negative social exchanges. To achieve these aims, the investigators will conduct a longitudinal study of a representative sample of 875 noninstitutionalized, cognitively functional older adults. Study participants will be interviewed every six months, with interviews conducted in person at baseline and subsequent interviews conducted by telephone at 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 months. The interviews will obtain detailed information about the participants' demographic characteristics, positive and negative social exchanges, stressful life events, and emotional health. This multi-wave study design will allow us to investigate the dynamics of older adults' positive and negative social network transactions before and after the occurrence of stressful life events.