WOMEN'S STATUS AND FERTILITY

我们的总体目标是了解妇女的地位及其如何影响 他们的生育能力两者都对增进妇女健康至关重要 通过提高他们的地位，帮助他们实现健康的 生育制度。具体目标包括了解 妇女的自主权/权力（经济和社会）影响其生育率 目标和实际生育率;这些影响如何根据社会 环境;这些影响发生的确切途径 （重要的政策目的）;什么决定了 妇女的自主权和权力，以及权力/自主权的各个方面 它们之间的相互关系因社会背景而异; 以往研究中使用的妇女权力/自主权的替代物是有效的; 是否可以通过调查充分衡量权力和自主权 采访这些目标将通过统计分析来实现 （辅以定性数据）的两个相关的数据集，第一个 一项五国比较研究， 不同的性别传统，并采访了15-39岁的已婚妇女， 他们的丈夫，第二个是两国扩展使用类似的 设计和采访时间表（两项研究还收集了社区- 数据，并就性别问题进行了重点小组讨论）。的 这两项研究的数据都经过了计算机处理、清理， 初步分析。在拟议的项目中，各种分析将 （a）进行比较分析， 背景（国家和社区）与家庭特征（阶级， 家庭类型）和妇女的个人特征（年龄，教育， 就业等）影响其自主权的不同方面， 权力（行动自由、个人对经济资源的控制， 参与家庭经济和非经济决策、任务 分工和责任，妻子的人际控制 恐吓和家庭暴力;这些行为之间的相互关系 还将研究不同的维度），以及（B）比较分析 环境、家庭和个人特征--尤其是女性的 自主权和权力-相互作用影响生育率及其最近的 决定因素（避孕知识和使用、生育意愿、儿子 偏好等）。因此，该项目将提供一个经验基础， 以了解如何最好地执行最近呼吁妇女 作为一项稳定人口的战略。

Our overall aim is to understand the status of women and how it affects their fertility. Both are critical to enhancing the health of women through improving their status and helping them to achieve a healthy fertility regime. Specific aims include understanding which aspects of women's autonomy/power (economic and social) influence their fertility goals and actual fertility; how these influences vary according to social setting; the precise pathways through which these influences occur (important policy purposes); what determines the level or nature of women's autonomy and power, and whether the dimensions of power/autonomy and their interrelationships vary according to social context; whether proxies for women's power/autonomy used in past studies are valid; and whether power and autonomy can adequately be measured through survey interviews. These goals will be pursued through statistical analysis (supplemented by qualitative data) of two related datasets, the first a five-country comparative study that sampled countries and communities varying in gender traditions, and interviewed married women age 15-39 and their husbands, and the second a two-country extension using a similar design and interview schedules (both studies also collected community- level data and conducted focus group discussions of gender issues). The data from both studies have been computerized, cleaned, and subjected to preliminary analysis. In the proposed project, a variety of analyses will be conducted, most importantly (a) comparative analysis of how social context (country & community) interacts with household traits (class, family type) and personal characteristics of women (age, education, employment, etc) to influence different aspects of their autonomy and power (freedom of movement, personal control of economic resources, participation in economic and non-economic household decisions, task division of labor and responsibilities, interpersonal control of the wife through intimidation and domestic violence; interrelationships among these different dimensions will also be studied), and (b) comparative analysis of how context, household, and personal traits--most particularly, women's autonomy and power--interact to influence fertility and its proximate determinants (contraceptive knowledge and use, fertility desires, son preference, etc). The project will thus provide an empirical basis on which to understand how best to implement the recent call for women's empowerment as a population stabilization strategy.