PHOTOPERIODIC CONTROL OF OBESITY

描述：肥胖是一种从字面上和比喻上看都很严重的疾病。 比例。我们选择了一个自然发生的肥胖模型-- 光周期诱导的西伯利亚仓鼠季节性肥胖 太阳大猩猩)。西伯利亚仓鼠在饲养时自然会肥胖。 在像夏天一样长的白天(LDS)和体重下降，几乎完全是 就像身体脂肪一样，暴露在短暂的“冬天一样”的白天。经过长时间的 SD暴露和/或日照长度、身体和脂类质量增加 增加到他们以前肥胖的LD水平。因此，肥胖是 可逆的。提出了三个具体目标(SA)，每个目标由 一系列实验。他说：交感神经的功能作用是什么 光周期诱导的差异减少中的神经系统(SNS) 白色脂肪组织(WAT)团块及其中枢神经解剖 底物？我们之前已经演示过，一个相对独立的 Wat Pad存在直接的SNS神经支配。设计了实验 为了进一步测试与SNS相关的独立神经学 Wat的神经支配和这种神经支配的功能。因此，我们 我将回答以下问题：1)SD能诱导体内脂肪减少吗 独立于Wat的SNS神经支配发生？和2)是否 Wat的相对独立的SNS神经支配汇聚在CNS？SA 2： Wat的感觉神经支配的程度是什么？它的 在光周期诱导的体脂变化中起什么作用？我们有 水的感觉神经支配的初步观察 从实验鼠到西伯利亚仓鼠。然而，在这两项研究中，只有 皮下WAT用于感觉神经支配的测试。此外，我们还 不知道这些神经元的神经递质表型，也不知道它们的 功能。因此，我们将回答以下问题：1)什么是 Wat的感觉神经支配的范围以及 支配这一区域的感觉神经元的神经递质表型 组织？2)感觉神经支配的功能作用是什么 SD诱导的体脂减少中的哪一种？3)是SNS的驱动力 在感觉神经丧失后增加的组织上？山3：什么是 神经对总体脂调节的作用？我们已经展示了 身体的总脂肪似乎是基于以下结果进行调节的 西伯利亚仓鼠的脂肪切除实验；然而，我们不知道 这一规定背后的机制。因此，我们将回答 以下问题：1)脂肪垫上的SNS驱动器是否显示 脂肪切除后脂肪垫质量的代偿性增加减少了吗？ 2)Wat的SNS神经支配在调节大脑皮层的功能中起什么作用 脂肪切除后的全身脂肪？以及3)该组织的角色是什么 Wat在体脂调节中的感觉神经支配 切除嘴唇的仓鼠？这些实验的结果应该提供 关于Wat神经支配重要性的新信息， 总体脂的调节与光周期调控 季节性的体脂循环。此外，对根本问题的洞察 参与开发、维护和逆转的流程 肥胖也应该发生。

DESCRIPTION: Obesity is a disease of literally and figuratively enormous proportions. We have chosen a model of naturally occurring obesity-- photoperiod-induced seasonal obesity in Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus sungorus). Siberian hamsters are naturally obese when housed in long "summer- like" days (LDs) and lose body mass, nearly exclusively as body fat, when exposed to short, "winter-like" days. After prolonged SD exposure and/or with increasing daylengths, body and lipid mass increase to their previous obese LD levels. Thus, the obesity is reversible. Three Specific Aims (SA) are proposed, each represented by a set of experiments. 1: What is the functional role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in the photoperiod-induced differential decrease in white adipose tissue (WAT) mass and what is its CNS neuroanatomical substrate? We have demonstrated previously that a relatively separate direct SNS innervation exists for WAT pads. Experiments are designed to test further the separate neurologies associated with the SNS innervation of WAT and the function of this innervation. Therefore, we will answer the questions: 1) Can the SD-induced decreases in body fat occur independently of the SNS innervation of WAT? and 2) Does the relatively separate SNS innervation of WAT converge in the CNS? SA 2: What is the extent of the sensory innervation of WAT and what is its function in the photoperiod-induced changes in body fat? We have extended the initial observation of sensory innervation of WAT in laboratory rats to Siberian hamsters. However, in both studies, only subcutaneous WAT was tested for sensory innervation. In addition, we do not know the neurotransmitter phenotypes of these neurons, nor their function. Therefore, we will answer the questions: 1) What is the extent of the sensory innervation of WAT and what are the neurotransmitter phenotypes of the sensory neurons innervating this tissue? 2) What is the functional role of the sensory innervation of WAT in the SD-induced decreases in body fat? and 3) Is the SNS drive on the tissue increased following sensory denervation? SA 3: What are the neural contributions to total body fat regulation? We have shown that total body fat appears to be regulated based on the results of lipectomy experiments in Siberian hamsters; however, we do not know the mechanism underlying this regulation. Therefore, we will answer the following questions: 1) Is the SNS drive on the fat pads that show compensatory increases in fat pad mass decreased following lipectomy? 2) What is the role of the SNS innervation of WAT in the regulation of total body fat following lipectomy? and 3) What is the role of the sensory innervation of WAT in the regulation of total body fat by lipectomized hamsters? The results of these experiments should provide new information about the importance of the neural innervation of WAT, the regulation of total body fat and in the photoperiodic control of seasonal body fat cycles. In addition, insight into the fundamental processes involved in the development, maintenance and reversal of obesity also should occur.