RESPIRATORY ACTION OF THE INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES

描述：肋间肌肉扩张胸腔，发挥肋间肌肉的功能 在呼吸中起着至关重要的作用。肋骨是一个复杂的机械装置， 肋间肌肉的动作和动作的协调是 人们对此知之甚少。在建议的研究、建模、理论和 将结合实验来确定 肋间肌肉。机械优势的定义是 单位主动肌力的呼吸道压力。麦克斯韦互易定理 用来证明机械优势可以通过测量来确定 在放松的胸壁扩张过程中肌肉的缩短率。在……里面 在之前的工作中，调查人员已经证明了这一点的有效性 方法并测量了机械优势的分布和分布规律。 激活狗胸骨旁区域的内部肋间。 这种方法现在将被用来确定 鳞状突、胸乳突骨间、肋间外侧和骨间内侧 狗的肋间。将检验以下假设：1) 狗的鳞片烯和胸乳突具有微小的机械优势；2) 外肋间和骨间的力学优势 腹背部和吻尾部的肋间内侧不同。 方向，以及在这些肌肉中的活动分布 呼吸与机械优势的分布相匹配；3) 胸骨旁肋间和胸骨外肋间沿不同方向驱动肋骨 轨迹，以及这两者的激活的特殊协调 需要成组才能沿其松弛方向驱动肋骨笼 弹道。机械优势将通过测量肌肉来确定 在松弛的胸壁扩张过程中缩短。分布情况： 自发呼吸期间的肌肉激活将被测量为 最大肌肉活动分数。 最后，该方法将应用于人类。关于肌肉定向的数据 从身体上获得的数据和从CT扫描中获得的肋骨位置数据 两个肺体积的胸腔将被用来计算肌肉缩短 从而获得人体肋间的机械优势。

DESCRIPTION: The intercostal muscles expand the rib cage and play an essential role in breathing. The rib cage is a complex mechanism, and the actions and coordination of the actions of the intercostal muscles are poorly understood. In the proposed research, modeling, theory, and experiment will be combined to determine the respiratory action of the intercostal muscles. Mechanical advantage is defined as the change in airway pressure per unit active muscle force. Maxwell's reciprocity theorem is used to show that mechanical advantage can be determined by measuring fractional muscle shortening during expansion of the relaxed chest wall. In previous work, the investigators have demonstrated the validity of this method and measured the distribution of mechanical advantage and pattern of activation of the internal intercostal of the parasternal region of the dog. This method will now be used to determine the respiratory action of the scalenes, sternomastoids, external intercostals, and interosseous internal intercostals of the dog. The following hypotheses will be tested: 1) the scalenes and sternomastoids in the dog have small mechanical advantage; 2) the mechanical advantages of the external intercostals and the interosseous internal intercostals vary in both the dorsoventral and rostrocaudal directions, and the distribution of activity in these muscles during breathing is matched with the distribution of mechanical advantage; and 3) the parasternal and external intercostals drive the rib cage along different trajectories, and a particular coordination of the activation of these two groups is required in order to drive the rib cage along its relaxation trajectory. Mechanical advantage will be determined by measuring muscle shortening during expansion of the relaxed chest wall. The distribution of muscle activation during spontaneous breathing will be measured as a fraction of maximum muscle activation. Finally, the method will be applied to humans. Data on muscle orientation obtained from cadavers and data on rib locations obtained from CT scans of the thorax at two lung volumes will be used to calculate muscle shortening and thereby obtain the mechanical advantages of the human intercostals.