EMPLOYER-PAID HEALTH INSURANCE AND LABOR MARKET CHANGES

雇主是健康保险的主要来源， 美国的然而，并非所有美国工人都有同样的可能性 获得雇主支付的健康保险。工人的社会人口统计学 特征、劳动力资源和劳动力市场位置是 与接受雇主支付的健康保险有关。考虑到 就业和医疗保险之间的关系，美国经济的变化 可能会影响获得雇主支付的健康保险的可能性 对于一些工人来说。自20世纪80年代初以来，许多美国工业 改变了他们生产活动的性质和组织。 这项研究的目的是探讨妇女、种族和民族 少数民族和贫困劳动者的境况发生了变化， 影响雇主支付的健康保险的市场条件。的 研究有三个具体目标。首先，调查是否 获得雇主支付的医疗保险的可能性 女工、少数民族和少数族裔工人以及贫困劳动者 在1988年到1997年之间。第二，看看工人的变化是否 资源和劳动力市场位置解释了性别、种族、民族和 健康保险福利方面的贫困状况差异。最后为 确定经济变化是否对美国经济产生了不同的影响。 工人获得雇主支付的健康保险的可能性 工人的性别、种族、民族和贫困状况。客观 将通过分析来自 当前人口调查和当前商业模式调查。的 获得雇主支付的医疗保险的可能性将是 作为社会人口特征的结果，工人 资源和劳动力市场位置，使用双变量概率分析 以就业状况为样本选择。多变量分析 将包括对劳动力市场影响差异的测试 按性别分列的领取雇主支付的健康保险的特点， 种族、民族和贫困状况。

Employers are the major source of health insurance coverage in the United States. However, not all American workers are equally likely to receive employer-paid health insurance. A worker's socio-demographic characteristics, worker resources, and labor market location are related to receiving employer-paid health insurance. Given the link between employment and health insurance, changes in the U.S. economy may affect the likelihood of receiving employer-paid health insurance for some workers. Since the early I98Os, many U.S. industries have transformed the nature and organization of their productive activities. The objective of this research is to examine how women, race and ethnic minorities, and the working poor have fared given changes in labor market conditions that affect employer-paid health insurance. The research has three specific aims. First, to investigate whether the probability of receiving employer-paid health insurance changed for women workers, race and ethnic minority workers, and the working poor between 1988 and 1997. Second, to see whether variation in worker resources and labor market location explain gender, race, ethnic, and poverty status differences in health insurance benefits. Finally, to determine whether economic changes have differentially affected U.S. workers probability of receiving employer-paid health insurance by the gender, race, ethnicity, and poverty status of workers. The objective of the study will be achieved through an analysis of data from the Current Population Surveys and Current Business Patterns surveys. The probability of receiving employer-paid health insurance will be modeled as an outcome of socio-demographic characteristics, worker resources, and labor market location, using a bivariate probit analysis with sample selection for employment status. The multivariate analyses will include tests for differences in the effects of labor market characteristics on receipt of employer-paid health insurance by gender, race, ethnicity, and poverty status.