PHYSICAL APPEARANCE AND LEADERSHIP SELECTION

虽然外貌对社会认知和期望的影响已经在心理学上得到了广泛的研究，并发现它会影响职业晋升和高级领导角色的选择，但之前没有研究系统地探讨过外貌对实际政治家领导职位评估的影响。本研究的目的之一是检验健康、成熟、优势和吸引力的评估对候选人选举可行性评级的贡献，以及潜在评级的面部形态和身体特征。第二个目标是探索当考虑到政治共识的影响时，外表和演讲风格是否会影响候选人的评价——在什么条件下外表的影响可以减轻。这些问题也针对男性和女性候选人以及少数群体候选人进行了审查。第三个目标是分析男性和女性受试者在评估候选人时使用非语言和语言信息的差异。跨文化实验研究设计将用于检验假设。每个实验都将在美国和罗马尼亚进行，以分析文化影响。以视频为基础的刺激材料将从C-Span电视台播放的美国众议院的演讲中提取，并将向受试者展示20名男性和20名女性政治家的静止帧和视频片段。另外，还将以2000年大选候选人为对象进行实验，进行外部有效性评价。

Although the effects of physical appearance on social perceptions and expectations have been widely studied in psychology and found to influence career promotions and selection to high leadership roles, no previous research has systematically explored the influence of physical appearance upon the appraisal of actual politicians for leadership office. One objective of this study is to examine the contribution of assessments of healthiness, maturity, dominance and attractiveness to ratings of candidate electoral viability, as well as the facial morphology and physical features underlying ratings. A second objective is to explore whether appearance and speech style affect candidate appraisal when the effects of political agreement are considered -- under what conditions may appearance effects be mitigated. These questions are examined with respect to male and female candidates and minority group candidates as well. A third objective is to analyze differences between male and female subjects in their use of nonverbal and verbal information in candidate appraisal. A cross cultural experimental research design will be used to test hypotheses. Each experiment will be conducted in the United States and in Romania to analyze cultural effects. Video based stimulus material will be taken from C-Span broadcasts of floor speeches in the U.S. House of Representatives and subjects will be exposed to still frame and video clips of 20 male and 20 female politicians. A variation of the experiment studying actual candidates in the 2000 presidential primaries will also be conducted to assess external validity.