ENHANCED IMMUNOGENICITY OF GLYCOSYL DEFICIENT SIV ENV

描述（改编自申请人摘要）：中和 抗体可能是开发有效疫苗的关键 抗人类免疫缺陷病毒（1型）（HIV-1）。 然而，方法 迄今为止还未能开发出诱导中和抗体的疫苗 对HIV-1主要分离株的反应。 这一失败似乎导致 从两个病毒包膜特征：低抗原性和差 免疫原性 如何最大限度地表达成熟包膜上的表位 因此，增强免疫原性是理性的关键问题， 疫苗设计 在最近的研究中，恒河猴感染突变SIV毒株， 在gp 120 V1可变区中和周围的特异性糖基化位点是 发现产生抗体反应，不仅有效地中和了 突变的SIV毒株，而且还包括完全糖基化的野生型病毒。 这 表明可以有效地引发中和抗体 针对主要慢病毒的反应。 它还建议 糖基缺陷突变体具有增强的免疫原性， 候选疫苗 本项目的主要目标是了解 糖基缺陷型SIV免疫原性增强的分子基础 通过定义和表征包含抗体的包膜， 中和反应 申请人提议研究由以下物质引起的抗体反应 在分子水平上通过分离和 从制备的噬菌体展示文库表征重组抗体 从这些猴子。 研究者将描述 抗野生型的单克隆抗体（mAb）和抗血清， 糖基缺乏的SIV包膜的详细信息。 为了进一步分析 并表征抗体的特异性， 保护，申请人将进行被动转移和病毒挑战 实验 目前的假设是，缺乏特定的 碳水化合物增加了有效中和B细胞表位的暴露， 使表位更具免疫原性。 然而，其他解释，如 由于碳水化合物密度对一般免疫原性的影响， 打折了 拟议的研究应允许增强的 糖基缺陷型SIV包膜免疫原性。 了解SIV模型中增强的免疫原性， 以知识为基础开发更具免疫原性的候选疫苗， HIV-1

DESCRIPTION (adapted from the applicant's abstract): Neutralizing antibodies may be critical in the development of an effective vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus (Type 1) (HIV-1). However, approaches to date have failed to develop vaccines that induce neutralizing antibody responses against primary isolates of HIV-1. This failure appears to result from two viral envelope characteristics: low antigenicity and poor immunogenicity. How to maximize expression of epitopes on mature envelope and enhance immunogenicity therefore are critical questions for rational vaccine design. In recent studies, rhesus macaques infected with mutant SIV strains lacking specific glycosylation sites in and around the gp120 V1 variable region were found to develop antibody responses that potently neutralized not only the mutant SIV strains but also fully glycosylated wild-type virus. This indicates that it is possible to effectively elicit neutralizing antibody responses against a primary lentivirus. It further suggests that glycosyl-deficient mutants have enhanced immunogenicity and are potential vaccine candidates. The major goal of this project is to understand the molecular basis of the increased immunogenicity of glycosyl-deficient SIV envelope by defining and characterizing the antibodies comprising the neutralizing response. The applicants propose to study the antibody response elicited by glycosyl-deficient envelope at the molecular level by isolating and characterizing recombinant antibodies from phage-display libraries prepared from these monkeys. The investigators will characterize the binding of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antisera to wild-type and glycosyl-deficient SIV envelope in detail. To further dissect the response and to characterize the specificities of antibodies important for protection, the applicants will perform passive transfer and viral challenge experiments. The present hypothesis is that the absence of specific carbohydrate increases exposure of a potent neutralizing B cell epitope, making the epitope more immunogenic. However, other explanations such as effects due to carbohydrate density on general immunogenicity cannot be discounted. The studies proposed should allow the origin of the enhanced immunogenicity of glycosyl-deficient SIV envelope to be tested. Understanding enhanced immunogenicity in the SIV model, will set the stage for knowledge-based development of more immunogenic candidate vaccines for HIV-1.