PARENT/CHILD CONFLICT--LESSONS IN EMOTION AND MORALITY

在蹒跚学步和学前班期间，孩子和父母之间的冲突既频繁又规范。然而，尽管如此，研究人员对亲子冲突的关注相对较少，因此，这种早期冲突在儿童社会情感发展中可能发挥的作用尚未得到很好的理解。因此，本研究的目的是研究幼儿期后半段早期冲突的频率和性质的差异（例如，谈判的存在）与儿童随后在3岁时的社会情感和社会道德发展之间的关系。60名幼儿和他们的母亲将参加一项为期6个月的纵向研究。在第一个评估期，当孩子30个月大时，母亲和孩子将参与一系列结构化的实验室任务，这些任务旨在为二人组中的冲突提供机会，并进行1个半小时的非结构化家庭观察。将制作实验室会议和家访的笔录，并根据某些要素（例如，谈判、情绪和规则的讨论、解决方案和冲突主题）对所有冲突事件进行识别和编码。在第一个评估阶段，当孩子36个月大时，孩子将参加一系列旨在评估情感理解、社会能力、家庭关系感知和早期良知发展的措施。为了明确这种早期冲突与随后的社会情绪功能之间的关系，将使用冲突频率分数和30个月时的冲突编码元素来预测儿童36个月时的社会情绪结果测量分数。

Conflict between a young child and her parents is both frequent and normative during the toddler and preschool years. Despite this, however, parent-child conflict has received relatively little attention by researchers, and thus the role that this early conflict might play in a child's socioemotional development is not well understood. Therefore, the goal of the current research is to examine how differences in the frequency and nature of early conflict (e.&, the presence of negotiation) during the latter half of the toddler period relate to a child's subsequent socioemotional and sociomoral development at age 3. 60 toddlers and their mothers will take part in a six-month longitudinal study. At the first assessment period, when the child is 30 months, the mother and child will participate in a series of structured laboratory task designed to provide opportunities for conflict in the dyad and in a 1 & 1/2 hour unstructured home observation. Transcripts will be made from the laboratory session and home visit and all episodes of conflict will be identified and coded for certain elements (e.g., negotiation, discussion of emotion and rules, resolution, and conflict theme). At the first assessment period, when the child is 36 months, the child will participate in a battery of measures designed to asess emotional understanding, social competence, perceptions of family relationships, and early conscience development. To clarify the relation between this early conflict and subsequent socioemotional functioning, conflict frequency scores and the coded elements of conflict at 30 months will be used to predict scores on the socioemotional outcome measures when the child is 36 months.