COPARENTING AND FAMILY LEVEL PROCESSES

自20世纪90年代中期以来，发展研究已经开始研究家庭情感生活的一个重要方面，以前被忽视的儿童和家庭的研究，关系动态发生在整个家庭群体的水平。这项工作的一个特别重点是了解家庭的共同养育动态。这项工作还处于起步阶段，一些关于共同养育子女和家庭层面动态的重要问题，特别是在家庭生活的最初几年，需要系统的研究。本研究探讨四个问题：（1）父母自我报告的共同养育行为（促进家庭完整性的行为，将伴侣与孩子联系起来的冲突）是否可以与相关家庭过程的观察指标联系起来？(2)关于家庭一级动态的连续性与随时间推移的变化，可以说些什么？(3)幼儿的自我调节，内化和外化行为与共同养育的动态之前，之后，考虑到孩子的气质和二元关系变量的影响。(4)婚姻困扰与幼儿适应之间的关联是否由共同养育过程介导？100对夫妇将在12个月和30个月时与他们的孩子参加以实验室为基础的家庭互动会议，并就他们的共同养育关系进行采访。在每个时期，独立的实验室评估将检查（a）每一种父母与子女的关系;（B）婚姻关系;（c）在整个家庭群体一级发生的互动;以及（d）儿童气质。在30个月时评估幼儿的自我调节、内化和外化行为。回归和MANOVA程序将检查从婴儿期到幼儿期共同养育和家庭水平动态的连续性和变化。回归分析将研究是否共同父母的冲突，家庭凝聚力，并在参与的差异，有助于唯一的预测幼儿适应，超越气质和二元关系属性的贡献。潜在变量路径分析与偏最小二乘检验程序将检查直接（婚姻到孩子）与间接（婚姻家庭孩子）的联系。

Since the mid-1990s, developmental research has begun examining an important dimension of the family's emotional life previously neglected in studies of children and families-relational dynamics that take place at the level of the whole family group. A particular focus in this work has been on understanding the family's co-parenting dynamics. This work is in its infancy, and a number of important questions concerning co- parenting and family-level dynamics-particularly during the early years of family life-require systematic study. This project addresses four such questions: (1) Can parents' self-reports of their own co-parenting activities (behavior promoting family integrity, conflict disparaging the partner to the child) be tied to observational measures of related family processes? (2) What can be said about continuity versus change in family-level dynamics over time? (3) Are toddler self-regulation, internalizing and externalizing behavior linked to co-parenting dynamics before, and after, taking into account the child's temperament and the influence of dyadic relationship variables. (4) Is the association between marital distress and toddler adjustment mediated by co-parenting processes? 100 couples will participate in laboratory-based family interaction sessions with their child at 12 and 30 months, and be interviewed about their co-parenting relationship. At each time period, independent laboratory assessments will examine (a) each parent-child relationship; (b) the marital relationship; (c) interactions taking place at the level of the whole family group; and (d) child temperament. Toddler self- regulation, internalizing and externalizing behavior will be assessed at 30 months. Regression and MANOVA procedures will examine continuity and change in co-parenting and family-level dynamics form infancy to toddlerhood. Regression analyses will examine whether co-parental conflict, family cohesion, and discrepancies in engagement contribute uniquely to the prediction of toddler adaptation, beyond contributions of temperament and dyadic relationship properties. Latent variable path analysis with partial least squares examination procedures will examine direct (marriage-to-child) versus indirect (marriage-family-child) links.