Henry the Young King (1155-1183): Kingship, Succession and Rebellion in the Angevin Empire

年轻的国王亨利(1155-1183)：安吉文帝国的王权、继承和叛乱是一个世纪以来对亨利二世(1154-1189)的长子和主要继承人的第一次全面研究，亨利二世是英格兰国王和安吉文帝国的统治者。年轻的亨利在父亲一生中加冕，当时他只有15岁，以确保继承，但随后拒绝了亨利二世的任何独立统治，随后在1173-4年和1183年的叛乱引发了他父亲统治下最严重的两次危机。这项研究使用年轻的亨利动荡的职业生涯来探索普兰塔格尼特王权的本质，预期加冕和共管的概念，以及在安吉温“帝国”发展的背景下的王朝分裂。它考察了年轻的亨利作为受膏国王的地位如何创造了前所未有的忠诚分歧，象征着两个经常相互争执的王室和宫廷的存在，以及这如何影响叛乱的发动，以及他的支持的性质，无论是来自普兰塔格内土地和亨利二世领地内的不满分子，还是来自他的岳父法国路易七等外部盟友。他在1183年英年早逝，而在反对他的父亲和他的弟弟理查德，导致许多当代作家斥责他为叛逆者和忘恩负义的第二个Absalom，他们的判断导致他相对忽视历史学家有利于他的弟弟理查德和约翰谁在他们自己的权利。相比之下，这个项目认为，年轻的国王对他父亲的政策具有核心重要性，并询问他的叛乱在多大程度上与其说是个人对立的产物，不如说是依赖于个人统治的政治结构中的继承和权力下放的系统性失败的产物，以团结一个松散的领主联盟。此外，许多同时代的人认为亨利是骑士精神、彬彬有礼和慷慨的缩影，是安吉万王位的另类和更容易被接受的面孔。通过探索他在锦标赛中的角色以及对克雷蒂安·德特罗耶斯等作家的影响，对这位年轻国王的研究允许重新评估12世纪后期的骑士社会，并提供了一个新的棱镜，通过它来审视权力巅峰时期安吉温政体的继承、王朝竞争和反叛的性质。

Henry the Young King (1155-1183): Kingship, Succession and Rebellion in the Angevin Empire is the first full length study for a century of the eldest son and principal heir of Henry II (1154-1189), king of England and ruler of the Angevin 'empire'. Crowned in his father's lifetime when only fifteen in order to secure the succession, but then denied any independent rule by Henry II, young Henry's subsequent rebellions in 1173-4 and 1183 precipitated two of the gravest crises of his father's reign. This study uses the turbulent career of young Henry to explore the nature of Plantagenet kingship, concepts of anticipatory coronation and of condominium and dynastic division within the context of the growth of the Angevin 'empire'. It examines how the young Henry's status as an anointed king created unprecedented divisions of loyalty, symbolized by the existence of two royal households and courts often at odds with each other, and how this affected the waging of rebellion, and the nature of his support, both from disaffected elements within the Plantagenet lands, and Henry II's domains, and from external allies such as his father-in-law, Louis VII of France. His untimely death in 1183, while in arms against his father and his younger brother Richard, led many contemporary writers to castigate him as a rebel and ingrate, a second Absalom, and their judgments have contributed to his comparative neglect by historians in favour of his younger brothers Richard and John who reigned in their own right. By contrast, this project argues for the Young King's central importance to his father's policies, and asks how far his insurrections were less the product of personal antagonisms than of systemic failures in the nature of succession and devolution of power in political structures dependent on personal rule to unite a loose coalition of lordships. Many contemporaries, moreover, regarded Henry as the epitome of chivalry, courtliness and generosity, an alternative and more acceptable face of Angevin kingship. By exploring his role in the tournament and influence on writers such as Chrétien de Troyes, a study of the Young King allows a reappraisal of chivalric society in the later twelfth century and affords a fresh prism through which to examine the nature of succession, dynastic rivalry and rebellion in the Angevin polity at the height of its power.