The Production and Reading of Music Sources, 1480-1530 (PRoMS)

文艺复兴时期的复调音乐来源不仅传达了一些有史以来最令人印象深刻的音乐的丰富曲目，而且它们也是引人注目的外表和往往是伟大的艺术美的对象。它们也是最复杂的时间来源之一，通常结合了口头文本、音乐符号和其他图形设备。该项目首次系统地研究了约1480-1530年这三个层次在页面上相互作用的方式，当时复调音乐的传播已经遍及整个欧洲，并在来源和曲目类型方面实现了最全面的多样性。我们将调查这些资源的制定者和使用者如何通过这些互动来构建意义。该项目将通过扩大为文本手稿开发的方法来实现其目标，纳入针对音乐来源的具体方面，并将其与数字技术相结合；它还将把调查结果转移到当今的表演中。它的复杂性在包含复调乐谱的来源中尤其复杂，在复调乐谱中，不同的声音部分被安排为由表演者单独朗读，但尚未同时演奏。一些资料来源，尽管大多数是较早的和/或特殊的资料，已经从这个角度进行了详细的审查，但现在需要统一的方法和一致的术语。一方面，我们将为这一时期现存的所有资料来源(c.300手稿和c.80版本的范例)建立一个错页信息数据库，以便于比较和编纂。作为这项工作的一部分，我们将开发一个描述页面信息的模板，并编写一个术语词汇表，该词汇表可以成为未来研究的标准资源。另一方面，我们将对25个来源的样本(20份手稿和5份印刷品)进行详细的分析和比较。选定的资料来源包括在这一时期可以找到的全部地理和时间分布以及各种格式、布局、功能、汇编、语言和装饰水平。在这些来源的在线展示中，我们将通过电子标记绘制视觉元素和文本元素之间的关联，建立对数据库和具有类似(或相反)可视化策略的其他图像的交叉引用，并为每个选定的开场白提供散文评论。选定的资源还将提供完整的在线浏览，使用户能够在更广泛的来源上下文中得出结论。最后，我们将与声乐团Cappella pratensis合作，与表演者探讨对mise-en-page(在现代抄写中消失或扭曲)的理解如何影响音乐的演唱和收听。表演和CD/DVD组合发行将包括标记来源的多媒体投影，以向观众传达这一点，提供通过各种视觉层的指南。

Renaissance sources of polyphonic music not only convey a rich repertoire of some of the most impressive music ever written; they are also objects of striking physical appearance and often great artistic beauty. They are also among the most complex sources of their time, typically combining verbal text, musical notation and other graphic devices. This project presents the first systematic study of mise-en-page - the ways in which these three layers interact on the page - for the period c.1480-1530, when the transmission of polyphonic music had spread across the whole of Europe and had achieved its fullest variety in terms of source and repertoire types. We will investigate the ways in which meaning is constructed through these interactions by the makers and users of these sources. The project will achieve its objectives by expanding approaches developed for text manuscripts, incorporating aspects specific to musical sources and combining them with digital technology; it will also transfer the results of the investigation to present-day performances.Mise-en-page forms an integral part of music sources and therefore provides crucial information for the understanding of the repertoire that is transmitted through them. Its complexity is particularly great in sources containing polyphonic music notation, where the different voice parts are arranged to be read separately by the performers, yet to be performed simultaneously. Some sources, albeit mostly earlier and/or exceptional ones, have been examined in detail from this viewpoint, but a unified methodology and a consistent terminology are now required.We will analyse and present the material in two different ways. On the one hand, we will compile a database of mise-en-page information for all extant sources from this period (c.300 manuscripts and exemplars of c.80 editions) to facilitate comparisons and codification. As part of this work, we will develop a template for the description of page information and compile a terminological glossary which can become a standard resources for future research. On the other hand, we will analyse and compare a sample of 25 sources (20 manuscripts and 5 prints) in detail. The selected sources encompass the full geographical and chronological spread as well as the full breadth of formats, layouts, functions, repertories, languages and levels of decoration which can be found during this period. In the online presentation of these sources, we will map correlations between visual and textual elements through electronic markup, establish cross-references to the database and to other images with similar (or opposing) strategies of visualization, and provide a prose commentary for every selected opening. The selected sources will also be available for online browsing in their entirety, enabling users to contextualize the conclusions within the wider context of the source.Finally, in collaboration with the vocal ensemble Cappella Pratensis, we will explore with performers how an understanding of the mise-en-page (which 'disappears' or is distorted in modern transcription) informs how the music is sung and heard. The performances and a combined CD/DVD release will include multimedia projections of marked-up sources to convey this to the audience, providing a guide through the various visual layers.